THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



79 



TWO DAYS' COLLECTING IN THE MAMMOTH 



CAVE, WITH CONTRIBUTIONS TO A 



STUDY OF ITS FAUNA. 



BY H. G. HUBBARD, DETROIT, MICH. 



\Co7itinued /ro7n p. 40.] 

 FAUNA OF THE MAMMOTH CAVE. 



Vertehrata: i. Vespertilio? 



2. Mus rattus ? partially blind. 



3. Amblyopsis spela;us De Kay. 



4. Typhlichthys subterraneus Gerard. 

 Tnsecta : 5. Anophthalmus Tellkampfii Er. 



6. " Menetriesii Mots. 



7. " interstitialis Hub. 



8. Adelops hirtus Tellk. 



g. Raphidophora subterranea Scud. 

 TO. Anthomyia sp. 



11. Phora sp. 



12. Campodea Cookei Pack. 



13. Machilis sp. 



14. Myopsocus or Elipsocus sp. 



15. Atropos divinatoria Miiell. 

 Arachnida : 16. Anthrobia monmouthia Tellk. 



17. Acanthocheir armata Tellk. 



18. Phrixis longipes Cope. 



19. Chthonius Packard! Hagen (form with two 



eyes.) 



20. Acarus? sp. (living on offal.) 



21. Mite (living on Anophthalmus.) 

 Myriapoda : 22. Spirostrephon Copei Pack. 



23. Unknown myriapod seen by Hyatt. 

 Crtistacea : 24. Cambarus pellucidus Tellk. 



25. Asellus (Caecidotea) stygius Pack. 

 Vermes: 26. Nematode? (intestinal parasite of larva of 



Adelops.) 



27. Leech ? (in pools of water.) 



28. Unknown ciliate Infusorian? (attached by 



stalk to Asellus.) 



In addition YAvxQVih&xg^Microgeologie ,\Z<^(i) gives 

 a list of eight Polygastric Infusoria {Biddidphia? 

 fossil? Bodo? Chilo/iioJias, Gaillonella?, Kolpoda, 

 Moiias, 2, Synedra ulna) ; one fossil Polyt/taliiiia 

 (Infusorian) ; five Phytolitharia; and plant forms 

 (Microscopic fungi). These forms present no 

 striking* peculiarites. 



The following notes are intended to sup- 

 plement the descriptions of cave Articulates 

 already made known by Packard and Cope 

 in the pages of the America?i Naturalist!'' 



Campodea. — Specimens vary greatly in size. 

 The largest from which the accompanying figure 

 was drawn (Fig. 8,) measures 7. 4'""' = .29 in. in 

 length, exclusive of the caudal stylets, which are 

 one half longer than the body. It is more robust 

 and more pubescent than any of the others, and 

 may be the other sex, or even another species. 

 The number of joints in the antennae is very vari- 

 able, the specimen figured has the greatest num- 

 ber, 37, the others have 34, 32, 31 and 30 joints, 

 the two smallest specimens which are one half as 

 long as the flrst, have 32 and 31 antennal joints. 

 Dr. Packard's description of his new species 

 Campodea Cookei (I. c. v. 747) will hardly suffice 

 for the proper recognition of the species, es- 

 pecially if there should prove to be other species 

 here. The stylets, which appear to have been 

 broken off from all specimens hitherto brought 

 from the caves, consist of eleven cylindrical joints, 



*By A. S. Packard, Jr. The Mammoth Cave and its In- 

 habitants, /. c. Vol. V, p. 739. 



The Cave Beetles of Kentucky, I. c. Vol. X, p. 282. 



By Prof. E. D. Cope. On tlie Wyandotte Cave and its 

 Fauna, Ac. Vol. VI, 409. 



the first moderately long, equal to the second and 

 third together, the second very short, the third 

 longer, the succeeding joints increasing in length, 

 the fifth being equal to the first, and the last equal 

 to the first three. All the joints are slender, 

 covered thickly with hairs, and with a close whorl 

 of spinules at the articulations. My specimens, 

 seven in number, were all found upon boards in 

 the Rotunda and far from water. They have the 

 habits of their relatives the bristle-tails {Lepisma). 

 Mr. Cooke's statement that his unique specimen 

 was found in pools in company with Cacidotea, 

 may be a mistake. Prof. Cope relates the find- 

 ing of the crustacean by Mr. Cooke while in his 

 company, and says nothing of the discovery of 

 an aquatic Thysanuran at the same time. 



Phrixis longipes Cope — (Fig. 9). In Prof. 

 Cope's description of this species (/. c. vi, 421) 

 some confusion occurs as to the tarsi. In the 

 longest legs the number of joints was not counted, 

 although they are mentioned as "multiarticulate," 

 and this, with the absence of eyes is made to 

 characterize the genus.* 



In the specimens before me, the anterior and 

 shortest pair of legs have five-jointed tarsi, end- 

 ing in a single claw, without an opposing bristle, 

 as given by Cope. The second and longest pair 

 have nine tarsal joints, with a single claw. The 

 third and fourth pairs are intermediate in length 

 between the first and second, they have each six- 

 jointed tarsi and a pair of claws. The first tarsal 

 joint in all the legs equals or exceeds the femora 

 and tibi-.c, the second joint, though shorter than the 

 first, is very long. The palpi (that of the left side 

 is omitted in the figure) have five joints and a ter- 

 minal spine, the basal joint bears a single spine^ 

 the second joint has five, three below the middle, 

 springing from the outer edge, two above, spring- 

 ing from the inner edge ; the third joint has one 

 on the outer and two on the inner edges ; the 

 fourth joint has two external and three internal, 

 and the fifth, two spines on either edge; the spines 

 are all tipped with long bristles, bent towards and 

 crossing those of the opposite row. The male 

 organ is cylindrical, without joint or median 

 swelling, as thick as the coxae, not chitinous, 

 bearing at tip a few fine hairs ; when fully pro- 

 truded it equals one third of the body in length. 

 The abdomen shows but four narrow and one 

 conical terminal segment beyond the cephalotho- 

 racic shield. The conical eminence at the ante- 

 rior border of the dorsum, between the first pair 

 of legs is without trace of ocelli. Length without 

 appendages, 2'"'" = .08 in. ; longest leg 18"'™ = . 72 in. 



Two specimens in alcohol, from Martha's Vine- 

 yard in the Mam. Cave. 



Ctvcidotea f stygia Pack. — (Fig. 10). The speci- 

 men from which Dr. Packard's description was 



* The importance of the presence or absence of eyes as gen- 

 eric characters in cave Articulates, appears to be overestimated 

 by Prof. Cope, and his two new genera Phrixis and Erebo- 

 mastcr are very doubtfully distinct. Among Pseudo-scorpions 

 the number and position of the eyes have hitherto been con- 

 sidered invariable characters for the definition of the genera. 

 The species of Chthonius living above ground, have four 

 eyes, but in the caves, the same genus, according to Dr Hagen, 

 is represented by two forms, one blind, the other with two 

 eyes, and which are thought by him to be specifically identical. 



t Prof. S. A. Forbe.s of Normal, 111., does not recognize the 

 genus CcEcidotea as distinct from Aselhts, 



