THE AMERICAN ENTOMOLOGIST. 



91 



ful collector in either field must have often 

 made to himself. The collector must 

 know his plant as well as he knows his 

 insect, and vice versa, in order correctly to 

 interpret either the peculiarities in the form 

 of the one or the peculiarities in the con- 

 duct of the other. However it may be with 

 other departments of biology, the import- 

 ance and the feasibility of combining as 

 one science or specialty an acquaintance, 

 systematic at least, with plants and insects^ 

 or if this be thought too much, such an 

 acquaintance with Ph?enogamous plants 

 and with the Lepidopte7-a, Hymenoptera and 

 Diptera, cannot be doubted. In no other 

 way can the proper observations be made 

 to exhibit the true relations which subsist 

 between these organisms. It is a rare oc- 

 currence that a botanist and an entomolo- 

 gist collect in company, and should they 

 do so, the results would still be less satis- 

 factory than where both are combined in 

 the same individual. Far be it from me to 

 urge a departure from the practice of 

 choosing specialties and mastering such 

 specialties. In no other way can true ex- 

 cellence be attained. Neither is it often 

 possible to make all forms of life a spe- 

 cialty. There will never be many Charles 

 Darwins. But considering the remarkable 

 interdependence which I have sought to 

 point out between certain entirely dis- 

 similar forms of life, which obviously can 

 never be fully understood by specialists in 

 any one department, it seems a necessity, 

 if we would ever understand these ques- 

 tions, to combine the study of portions of 

 two of these departments into one spe- 

 cialty and to prosecute them conjointly. 

 There could thus be secured a corps of 

 competent workers, specialists in this field, 

 without which no great subject can ever 

 be thoroughly canvassed. 



Zoo-phytology, or the science of the 

 relations which subsist between animals 

 and plants in general, is an ideal science 

 whose general aspects only can be grasped 

 by a few minds of high synthetic capaci- 

 ties. But Entomo-phytology, or the science 

 of those relations of interdependence exist- 

 ing between certain insects and certain 



plants, and which may be said to embrace 

 the three subjects of galls, cross-fertiliza- 

 tion of flowers, and insectivorous plants, — 

 this science, when pruned of everything 

 not necessary to the investigation of the 

 problems to which this interdependence 

 and reciprocity give rise, may certainly be 

 regarded as a practical one whose pursuit 

 would be attended with abundant success 



THE INSECT ENEMIES AND DISEASES OF OUR 

 SMALL FRUITS. 



[Read before the New Jersey State Horticultural Society, 

 Jan. 16, 1880, by A. S. Fuller.] 



\Co)itinued from p. 63.] 



As the Raspberry is closely allied to the 

 Blackberry and belongs to the same genus, 

 the diseases and insects infesting both do 

 not materially differ. Some few species 

 of insects seem to prefer the Rasp- 

 berry, notably among which is what is 

 [Fig. 37.] called the Red-necked Bu- 

 , prestis [Agrilus ruficollis, 

 Fig. 27), a small beetle that 

 . seems to be particularly 

 fond of the red and black- 

 cap varieties, but will oc- 

 casionally attack the Black- 

 *<^ berry. The larva (Fig. 29) 

 bores the canes in summer, 

 Agrilus ruficollis. causing large excrescences 

 or galls (Fig. 28), checking the flow of 

 sap, and causing the death of the cane. 

 This insect seems to be far more plentiful 

 in the western than eastern States ; but it 

 is widely distributed, and every cultivator 

 of the Raspberry may as well be on the 

 lookout for it, and gather and burn all canes 

 upon which galls of any kind are found. 



The snowy Tree-cricket {^CEcanthus ?iiveus 

 Harris, Fig. 30), is another insect that ap- 

 pears to prefer the canes of the Raspberry 

 as a nidus for its eggs to the twigs of other 

 shrubs or trees. It will, however, use the 

 Grape, Willow, Peach, and other kinds, if 

 Raspberries are not convenient. The long, 

 slender eggs are deposited in a close com- 

 pact row, an inch or more in length, each 

 egg placed at a slight angle, and deep 

 enough to reach the pith of the cane or 



