THE POLAR REGIONS. 481 



to share the peas-soup, plum-pudding, bread, sugar, rice, and 

 cheese, to the grass and herbs which had been prepared for it. 

 It would not bear being caressed, but was fond of company ; 

 would sit for hours and listen to conversation, and retire to his 

 cabin when it was ended. 



Musk Ox. — The dung of the musk ox is considered a de- 

 licacy by the natives ! 



Rough Seal. — This is a most valuable animal to the Esqui- 

 maux, and hunting it is one of his chief occupations, when all 

 other animals have migrated southward to avoid the extreme 

 cold. The Esquimaux thus traverses, with his dogs, the ex- 

 tensive floes of level ice until they scent the breathing holes of 

 these seals. As soon as a hole is found, the Esquimaux builds 

 a snow wall, to break the excessive keenness of the breeze ; 

 he then waits in patience, with unlifted spear, till the seal rises 

 to breathe, and smites him with unerring aim. 



Fulmar Petrel. — This bird follows the whale-ships, availing 

 itself of the labours of the fishermen, by feeding on the car- 

 cases of the whale, when stripped of their blubber. In return 

 it is exceedingly useful to the whalers, by guiding them to 

 the places where whales are most numerous, and crowding to 

 the spots where they first appear on the surface of the water. 



Ross's Arctic Salmon. — This and the three following species 

 of salmon, are supposed by Dr. Richardson to be entirely new, 

 and will be figured in the forthcoming part of his " Fauna 

 Boreali-Americana." The length of this species is 34 inches ; 

 of S. alipes, 24 inches; of S. nitidus, 20 inches; and of S. 

 Hoodii, 21 inches. 



Ichneumon harim. — This beautiful ichneumon is figured of 

 a bright red colour; it was bred early in July, from the pupa 

 of Laria Rossii : a second specimen was taken on the 8th of 

 July. 



Colzas Chione. — A very remarkable looking butterfly, par- 

 taking very considerably of the appearance and colouring of 

 the Polyommati. It appears in the middle of July, and fre- 

 quents the flowers of Oxytropis campestris, and Arctica. 



Melitcea Tarquinius. — Of this butterfly our author was for- 

 tunate enough to find the larva. The following is his de- 

 scription : it measured exactly an inch in length, by 0.22 of an 

 inch in breadth; it was composed of thirteen segments; the 

 first and last segments were furnished with two, the second and 



