INSECTS INJURIOUS TO THE VINE. 301 



found in gardens on roses and other flowers. The large cock- 

 chaffer with white spots, Melolontha Fullo, of modern naturalists, 

 is, on the contrary, very rare, and is never met with except on 

 high downs and in the neighbourhood of the sea-coast. From 

 all this I conclude it is Cetonia aurata which is the object of the 

 superstition Pliny speaks of, and to which he gives the name 

 Fullo. 



To recapitulate : Aristotle applies the word Spondylus, or 

 Sphondylus, to the common cockchaffer, in the states of both 

 larva and imago. 



In Pliny, who was not acquainted with the metamorphosis of 

 the cockchaffer, the word Spondylus is used only for the larva of 

 that insect, or white worm, considered then by some as a small 

 serpent, and which was known to the Greeks in Agricola's 

 time (the seventeenth century) by the name of Spondylus. 



In Pliny the Scarabosus qui pilas volvit, which is an object of 

 religious worship with the Egyptians, and which cures the 

 quartan ague, is the Ateuchus Sacer, and A. laticollis of Fabri- 

 cius, and also the A. JEgyptiacus of Latreille and Caillaud. 



The Scarabosus, properly so called, of Horus Apollo, the 

 unfolded wings of which formed rays, is also the same insect. 



In both Aristotle and Aristophanes the sacred Scarabosus 

 alluded to under the name of Cantharis, is Ateuchus JEgyptiacus. 



Pliny's Scarabosus cui sunt cornicula reflexa'is Ateuchus Midas, 

 common in Egypt, and brought from thence to this country by 

 Savigny. 



The Scarabosus with two horns, consecrated to the moon, 

 mentioned in Horus Apollo, is also A. Midas. 



In Aristotle and other Greek writers the Melolontha children 

 play with is Cetonia fastuosa. 



Pliny's Scarabosus viridis, which engravers delight to con- 

 template, is also C. fastuosa. 



The Scarabosus Fullo albis guttis of Pliny is the C. aurata, 

 which has white marks on its elytra. 



Since it is proved that the Spondylus of Aristotle and Pliny 

 is the cockchaffer, that word necessarily belongs to our subject, 

 as the cockchaffer is injurious to the leaves of the vine, as well 

 as to every other kind of plant. There is a smaller species 

 than the common sort belonging to the cockchaffer genus, 

 which has been named by entomologists Melolontha vitis, 

 because it is often found on the vine in company with Melolontha 



NO. IV. VOL. IV. R R 



