314 BARON WALCKENAER ON THE 



We learn from Pliny and Columella that the Volucra or 

 Volvox was a different insect from the one which they named 

 Convolvulus. 



The difference between two insects which are both injurious 

 to the vine must have been considerable, or it would not have 

 been noticed by the ancients,whose knowledge of these animals 

 was extremely limited. 



We shall presently show that the Convolvulus was a Lepi- 

 dopterous insect, or a butterfly : the Volucra or Volvox belongs 

 to a different class. But we see that it is only the larva? or 

 perfect insects of the class Coleoptera, and caterpillars or the 

 larvae of Lepidoptera, which are very injurious to the vine. The 

 Volucra or Volvox, therefore, belongs to the class Coleoptera. 



Further, we know from the information Pliny and Columella 

 have afforded us on this subject, that the Volucra or Volvox eat 

 at the same time the young shoots of the vine and the grapes. 

 Pliny says, " Volvocem animal prwrodens pubescentes uvas;" and 

 Columella observes, " Genus animalis Volucra prcerodit teneras 

 adkuc pampinas et uvas." These expressions exactly and only 

 apply to the Eumolpkus of the vine, the Ips of the Greeks, and 

 not at all to the Cantharides of the Geoponicks, or to Rhynchites 

 Bacchus, or Betuleti, which injures the vine, by rolling up the 

 leaves and causing them to wither, but does not attack the fruit. 

 Nor does it apply, as we shall hereafter see, to any of the va- 

 rious caterpillars or larvae of Lepidoptera which feed on the 

 vine. 



We have now shown that the Ips or Iks of the Greeks is the 

 same as the Volucra or Volvox of Roman authors, the Eumolpus 

 of the vine {Eumolpus Vitis). 



8. Involvulus. — Convolvulus. — Pyralis Danticana. — Ver-coquin 

 — Procris Vitis, or Procris Ampelophaga. — Teigne de la 

 Vigne. — Teigne du Raisin. — Tortrix Hyperana. — Cochylis 

 Roserana. 



We learn from the recipes given by Pliny and Cato to prevent 

 the increase of the Convolvulus, that it was an insect highly 

 injurious to the vine ; but as these writers give no description 

 of the insect, and only afford us information on one particular 

 respecting it, viz., that it was a different kind from Volucra or 

 Volvox, we have no means of knowing whether this word was 



