LIFE-HISTORY OF ARGYNNIS LAODICB. 63 



accurately portray the structure or markings of this larva ; he 

 represents the spines as straight-edged, and the bristles much too 

 small, and the colouring of the spines of the sixth segment, 

 which he figures as being wholly pink, are in all the larvae in my 

 possession as I have described. He neither shows the second 

 dorsal slightly oblique mark, nor the subdorsal markings forming 

 a band. In his figure of the larva there is wanting much detail 

 of markings ; the first and last spines are much too short, and 

 represented as being quite straight, which should be longest and 

 curved on the anterior segment, and they are all too dull in 

 colour. 



On June 22nd the first larva attached itself by its hind 

 claspers to a pad of silk spun on the gauze cover, and pupated 

 on the 24th. Just after pupation it is mostly of a brownish- 

 pink colour, which gradually deepens into a shining bronze-black, 

 with a few ochreous-brown speckles appearing on the abdomen. 

 The metallic spots of the mature pupa are at first exactly similar 

 to mother-of-pearl. 



The pupa averages in length ^f in. ; it so closely resembles 

 A. paphia in structure and markings that they are almost in- 

 distinguishable, and as regards colouring A. laodice and the 

 dark forms of A. jmphia are exactly alike. The only slight diffe- 

 rence between the two species is that in paphia the subdorsal 

 angular projections on the third abdominal segment are rather 

 larger than those of laodice, and when viewed dorsally paphia is 

 rather wider across the base of the wings. 



A. laodice pupa, dorsal view : Head with two pointed lateral 

 horns, a similar but smaller angular point at base of wings ; con- 

 tinued along the base is a convex ridge, then concave across the 

 middle, and bulging at hind margin ; abdomen attenuated to 

 anal extremity. Side view : Head beaked, thorax keeled and 

 angular, sunken at base of abdomen and metathorax ; abdomen 

 curving to anal segment, which terminates in a truncated pro- 

 jection bearing the cremastral hooks ; ventral surface of abdomen 

 contracted ; wings bulging near apex ; antennae serrated ; leg- 

 joints prominent. 



Colouring : Ground colour pale buff-brown, inclining to pinkish 

 over the head and thorax ; there are two subdorsal rows of 

 sharply pointed conical projections commencing on the prothorax ; 

 the first five pairs are of a beautiful metallic silver-gilt ; these are 

 placed on the three thoracic segments and the first two abdominal 

 segments ; the remaining pairs are without metallic lustre, being 

 shining variegated brown ; those on the third segment are 

 largest, and those on the ninth are very minute ; on the fifth, 

 sixth, and seventh segments are very small medio-dorsal points. 

 The whole surface is very finely reticulated with dark brown, 

 forming a delicate fibrous pattern ; across the wing are two wavy 

 brown bands, exactlj' similar to paphia ; the dark spiracles are 



