TORTRICES NEAR LIVERPOOL. 139 



found, and from this it is reasonable to assume that, in nature, 

 the cocoons are spun amongst, and coated with, the coarse sand 

 that surrounds the food-plant. This is Euphorbia paralias in 

 South Devon, to wbich district my acquaintance with the insect 

 is limited, and also in Hayling Island, as we learn from Wilkin- 

 son {I.e.), but in the Isle of Portland E. portlandica has been 

 proven to be the chosen plant. 



The examination of a large number of bred imagines shows 

 that the females average somewhat smaller, and rather paler, 

 than the males. My largest examples of the former expand 

 16 mm., while those of the latter measure 14 mm., and in 

 smaller specimens there is about the same proportional differ- 

 ence in size between the sexes. The smallest individual known 

 to me is one of my bred Devonshire males that has an expanse 

 of only just 10 mm. From the numerous observations that I 

 made with regard to the hour of emergence, one learns that 

 seventy-two per cent, of the moths left the pupa between 

 6.30 a.m. and 1 p.m., the rest showing no special predilection for 

 any one period of either day or night over another. 



Norden, Corfe Castle : April 10th, 1909. 



TORTEICES NEAR LIVERPOOL IN 1907-8. 

 By W. Mansbridge, F.E.S. 



About twenty species of the Tortricina, not met with in our 

 localities by myself previously, have been captured or bred in 

 the last two years. 



Tortrix cratcegana from Knowsley and Simonswood ; the 

 former being a yellow form. I also saw this moth in some 

 numbers at Delamere Forest, but it was worn at the end of July 

 when it was found. T. unifasciana is generally darker from the 

 mosses than from Wallasey. An addition to the local lists is 

 T. cinnamomeana. This moth was quite common in 1907 on 

 Kirkby Moss, and last year a single specimen was netted in 

 Delamere Forest. T. corylana seems generally distributed, but 

 only odd specimens have fallen to my share at St. Helens, 

 Simonswood, and Delamere Forest. I met with T. viburnana in 

 some numbers at Whitegate Heath, males only, the first week in 

 July. T. forsterana. — This is another moth that seems to be 

 darker at Simonswood than at Wallasey or near Leeds. The 

 beautiful and very common little moth Peronea variegana is 

 everywhere found on the whitethorn hedges. The South Lan- 

 cashire forms seem to be confined to vars. borana, cirrana, asper- 

 ana and type, with var. albana rarely; some of the cirrana forms 

 are a very lovely dark blackish purple. I have not taken the 

 extreme form at Wallasey. In April, 1907, I found a pair of 



