LIFE-HISTORY OF HESPERIA PANISCUS. 105 



on March 13th. Their hybernacula were pinned to bits of muslin 

 attached to a stick in the centre of a flower-pot. To these bits 

 of muslin they attached themselves the same day, near by their 

 hybernacula, and both changed to a pupa, head upwards, on 

 March 23rd. Another larva emerged from hybernaculum on 

 March 18th, attached itself the same day in the manner before- 

 mentioned, head upwards, and changed to a pupa on March 24th. 



Although these larvse were in a flower-pot with a growing plant 

 of Brachypodium sylvaticum, they never attempted to eat the 

 leaves, neither did they crawl over them, always crawling on the 

 dead leaves which formed their hybernacula, or up the dead stick 

 in the centre of flower-pot, thus proving that they do not eat 

 on emergence from their winter sleep, but proceed almost at 

 once to prepare for changing to pupa. 



I made three careful drawings of the pupa on March 24th, 

 1907, together with the following description: — 



Pupa. Form cylindrical, slender, both dorsally and ventrally 

 curved, with a little taper to both extremities. Head rather 

 blunt, but with a fairly long spike-like projection directed forward 

 and upward ; eyes large and prominent. Pupa widest across 

 base of wing cases, the latter being fairly ample ; segmental 

 divisions very clearly defined ; spiracles oval ; wing cases extend 

 to anterior margin of segment five ; maxillae uncovered and 

 extending rather more than five-sixths length of wing cases ; first 

 legs about half-length of maxillse ; second legs about three- 

 quarters length of maxillse ; antennae scarcely as long as second 

 legs ; wing cases rather ridged at sides; labial palpi showing; 

 labrum very prominent ; mandibles showing ; both dorsal head- 

 piece and prothoracic segment very distinct ; abdominal seg- 

 ments have a few slight depressions. 



Anal appendages. A flattened projection, dorsally curved, 

 with about a couple of dozen curved spines, hooked at tips, at 

 end, on under side. 



Markings. Surface dull, excepting eyes which are a little 

 glazed. Head, wing cases, cases of antenna, legs, &c., dull 

 yellowish-grey inclining to ochreous-green, with edges of wing 

 cases and antennae edged with dark brown, whilst the maxillae 

 are very conspicuous by being dark purplish-grey brown. Abdo- 

 minal segments and also first, second, and third thoracic segments 

 are of a pale creamy ground-colour. Commencing on dorsal 

 headpiece and terminating on anal appendage is an irregular 

 dark brown band, becoming pinkish towards anal end. On either 

 side of this are two irregular bands, darker than ground-colour 

 and of a pale crimson hue, becoming paler and thinner on 

 second thoracic segment where they commence, as also on ninth 

 segment where they terminate. The area between these two 

 stripes is rather more creamy than general ground-colour. On 

 either side of spiracles is an irregular band of similar hue, but 



