NOTES ON SOME ANDALUSIAN BUTTERFLIES. 217 



all the hills that fringe the coast east of Malaga ; perhaps the 

 best spot is reached by taking the electric tram towards the 

 village of Palo, and getting off where the road crosses the bed 

 of a torrent — dried up at this period of the year — about half a 

 mile before Palo is reached, along the east side of this torrent, is 

 a path leading to the foot-hills, which extend to within a few 

 hundred yards of the coast ; the highest of these eminences has 

 an altitude of about 1500 ft., and is a prominent object from all 

 points of view in the neighbourhood. Working up the small 

 hills until you come to this mountain, and then traversing its 

 lower slopes, keeping a little to the west of the main peak, you 

 find butterflies in swarms. Most prominent perhaps in point 

 of numbers was Melanargia ines, both sexes of which were in the 

 finest condition, and my captures included a remarkable aberra- 

 tion with the under side of the right inferior clouded with black 

 almost to its base. Closely following this species in point of 

 numbers was Anthocharis belemia var. glance. Colias edusa was 

 also in great abundance, and I saw or captured about a dozen of 

 the var. helice. Wherever there was an outcrop of calcareous 

 rock Thais riimina was an abundant species, including some 

 richly coloured examples ; larvae were also plentiful on Aristo- 

 lochia. On the bushy slopes, flying slowly, were Epinephele 

 pasiphae and E. ida in profusion. On the summit of one of the 

 lower slopes here I came across my first good specimen of Papilio 

 \a,v. feisthamelii, which I should say is a rare species in Anda- 

 lusia ; at any rate I did not see more than twenty examples 

 altogether ; with one exception they were found flying round the 

 summits of isolated knolls, after the habit of Papilio machaon ,- 

 two specimens only were netted at Malaga, and a third was 

 seen. Epinephele ianira var. hispidla was well out, and in some 

 numbers. Odd examples of Pyrgus proto were taken. Newly 

 emerged Gonopteryx cleopatra were flying on May 4th. Papilio 

 machaon flew here and there, the examples being very typical, 

 and showing no approach to var. aurantiaca. A few each of 

 Lampides boetica, L. telicanus, and Nomiades melanops were 

 taken. On one occasion, in the hope of finding Cupido lorqumii, 

 I climbed to the top of the mountain, but did not observe it 

 there, and only came across, in smaller numbers, the species 

 found on the lower slopes. 



May 7th found us training on to classic Granada. 



Granada is situated at the foot of the Sierra Nevada, at a 

 height of about 2200 ft. ; outside the town, to the south and west, 

 stretches the celebrated vega, a level plain irrigated throughout, 

 and producing wonderful crops of corn, forage, and fruit. The 

 Alhambra Palace and Fortress occupy the end of the aforesaid 

 spur, which at its extremity is almost 500 ft. high, and occupies 

 the angle between the rivers Darro and Genii. As the best, and 

 practically only collecting-ground within easy walking distance 



