NOTES ON SOME ANDALUSIAN BUTTERFLIES. 241 



it will be remembered that, until lately, E. eiiphojiides was con- 

 sidered to be a form of E. eupheno, the nearly allied species 

 found on the African side of the Mediterranean. Considering 

 that the known distribution of E. euphonides is, according to 

 Staudinger, Spain and Portugal, Southern France and Italy, 

 and that E. eupheno occurs all along the African shores of the 

 Mediterranean, it would seem a fair inference that either Africa 

 received its species from across the Straits of Gibraltar, or vice 

 versa ; and, bearing in mind the similar climate on both sides 

 of the Straits, that the form found in Andalusia would be inter- 

 mediate between those occurring in France and Morocco. This 

 is, however, not the case. I cannot see in any Andalusian 

 examples collected at Algeciras, Konda, and Granada, the 

 slightest tendency towards E. eupheno ,- the males are practically 

 identical with my French specimens ; the females, however, 

 differ considerably, but not in the direction of E. euphe)io. The 

 French females have the tips of the superiors of a brilliant 

 orange colour, through which the greyish black suffusion of the 

 veins shows prominently. In the Andalusian females this 

 orange is much less pronounced in quantity and brightness, and 

 in one of my specimens it is almost entirely absent, con- 

 sequently the suffused veins show up much more and give the 

 impression of a grey tip. 



The Andalusian seems also a much smaller insect than the 

 French, my largest examples measuring only 41 mm., whereas 

 some of those from France exceed 48 mm. in expanse. 



Another insect that did not turn out in accordance with my 

 anticipations was Aglais urticce ; I had observed one or two 

 specimens a few years ago in Arragon, which appeared to me to 

 resemble in depth of ground colour the Corsican var. ichnusa. 

 The Granada A. urticce, which were not uncommon on the 

 plateau, sucking the flowers of a white cistus, did not show any 

 approach to these, and, apart from the somewhat wider tawny 

 margin to the hind wings, might have been typical British speci- 

 mens. 



On the plateau itself I came across several species I had not 

 previously seen in Spain, amongst which was Melanargia sylliiis, 

 with somewhat stronger black markings than my Hyeres speci- 

 mens ; the fine black Spanish form of Nisoniades tages var. 

 Cervantes was abundant, leaking like a small Erebia whilst 

 flying ; Anthocharis tagis was also taken at the edge of the 

 Darro gorge, and was in very fine condition considering the late 

 date ; a single female of Aporia cratagi, the only one I saw in 

 Spain, had doubtless been blown up from the lower slopes of the 

 gorge. Zygoma lavaiidulce, a very distinct form, with only a small 

 round red spot on the inferiors, boomed along in the sun in fair 

 numbers; fine large Nomiades vielanops, some of wbich exceeded 

 35 mm. in wing expanse, flitted round the Dorycnium plants. 



