124 



THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



other types of wing-venation are, according to Ganglbauer, to be 

 met with in the Coleoptera. 



Adopting the views and the nomenclature of Comstock and 

 Needham, he designates the chief longitudinal veins in the wing 

 as follow : — Costa, subcosta, radius, media, cubitus, and analis. 

 The first three run close together from the base along or quite 

 near to the front margin of the wing. The media runs more 

 diagonally from the base, dividing the wing into two considerable 

 areas, which vary somewhat in their relative proportions. In 

 the anterior area, between the media and the radius, two other 

 longitudinal veins, one considered to be a branch (Mj) of the 

 media and the other (R2) a branch of the radius, m.ay generally 

 be recognized. In the posterior area lie the cubitus and analis 

 and their branches. 



What appears to be the most primitive condition of the wing- 

 venation in beetles occurs in the small family Cupedidae (Fig 1). 



Ri Sc c 



^'^-' CU2 An A2 



Fig. 1.— Wing of Omma staiileiji, Newni. (Cupedidas.) (After Kolbe.) 



Here all these veins remain in a more or less completely deve- 

 loped and unmodified state, and are joined together by a greater 

 number of transverse veins than are known to occur elsewhere 

 in the Coleoptera. The anterior branch (M-^) of the media (M2) 

 is a long vein running uninterruptedly almost from the base to 

 the margin, and is joined by means of two transverse veins with 

 the media, and by two with the posterior branch (R2) of the 

 radius, which itself is joined to the radius by two transverse 

 veins. There are to be seen also two transverse veins between 

 the cubitus and media, and two between the cubitus and anaUs. 



^^ Cu^CuzAi 

 Fig. 2. — Wing of Tachypusjlavipes, L. (Carabidte.) (After Kempers.) 



In other beetles some or all of the transverse veins have 

 disappeared, and the anterior branch (M^) of the media has also 

 in some part of its length disappeared. 



