Sit/>p/rmnil to the New England Spiders. 201 



the center is drawn tifrht by them, giving the appearance of a 

 funnel-shaped opening to a tube. There is, however, no hole in the 

 center of the web, and the cluster of threads may be flat or slightly 

 depressed in the form of a gutter. 



Zilla montana. (Plate V, figure 4b.) 



This is a common house spider at Deer Island and at northern 

 end of Moosehead Lake, Maine, making its nests like Z. atrica under 

 the edges of clapboards. In North Carolina it lives on houses and 

 in bushes at the summit of Roan Mountain, and in honses and barns 

 at the base of the mountain, near the railroad. 



Zilla atrica, Koch. 



Eucharia atrica, Koch. 1845. (Plate V, figures 4 to 4d.) 



In size and color this resembles the other species. The markings 

 of the back of the abdomen resemble closely those of x-notata, but 

 the middle of the back is usually lighter, and the two diverging 

 dark marks near the anterior end are longer and narrower than in 

 x-notata. The cephalothorax has a more distinct dark middle stripe 

 than in the other species. In the males the palpi (fig. 4a) are twice 

 as long as the cephalothorax, and about twice as long as those of 

 x-notata. The front legs of the male are, however, one-eighth shorter 

 than those of x-notata, the front tibia and patella measuring a little 

 less than twice the length of the cephalothorax. The form of the 

 epigynum is shown in fig. 4b in comparison with those of x-notata 

 and montana. 



The webs are like those of other species with a large central 

 spiral from which a strong thread extends to the nest. A large 

 segment opposite this thread is usually left open, but is often partly 

 or entirely closed. Adults are found from August until winter. 



First noticed by McCook at Annisquam, Mass., about 1885, and 

 now found abundantly at Ipswich, Gloucester, Salem, and Lynn, 

 where it lives in hedges and on the outside of houses, making 

 tubular nests open at both ends under the edges of the clapboards. 

 At Ipswich, I first noticed them on a new cottage near the shore 

 far from any other house, in 1900. At that time there were none 

 of them on other cottages in the neighborhood or on the old farm- 

 house at Lakeman's beach. In 1904 they were on all the neigh- 

 boring houses and barns and in the liliac bushes around them. 



Tetragnatha vermiformis, Em. N. E. Epeiridae. 



Positions of male and female while pairing. Fresh Pond marshes 



