Penrhyn Castle. 415 



1855. One of its heaviest was sold for 661. at 4 years 

 6 months, and cut up to 220 stone of 81bs., whereas 

 the others have generally run from 180 to 200. The 

 Chester and Warwick Royal Shows brought out the 

 heavy blacks of Penrhyn in great force. Ten out of 

 the twelve winning cards, and four of them firsts, were 

 their portion on the Roodee ; and at Warwick the 

 head bull prize, open to all breeds save three, fell to 

 their lot, with Lord Southesk's Poll Angus, and 

 H.R.H. Prince Albert's Alderney next in merit. A 

 cross between the W T elsh and West Highland was 

 tried. It improved the quality of the beef, but the 

 females did not milk so well, and the calves fell small. 

 Whitaker bulls, followed by some of Mr. Fawkes's 



is often put in with the heifers, so that if they do badly, there's the 

 calf. There are now many more buyers of heifers in the Midlands than 

 what there were eighteen years ago, and they turn off two sets of heifers 

 to one of bullocks. 



Caermarthenshire and Cardiganshire both get Pembroke bulls. 

 The former county has them of a good sire, but coarser in quality ; and 

 Cardiganshire, for lack of green crops, hardly attends to them as it 

 might. Pembroke keeps the black line most pure ; but all these coun- 

 ties use Hereford as well as shorthorn bulls. Its Roosa and Castle 

 Martin beasts are pure. The latter have more quality and less bone, 

 and are shorter legged, and not so big as the Roosa beasts. The Castle 

 Martin lack fineness of horn ; but it is a favourite saying, " Don't buy 

 me a bull without a good thick horn — his stock feed and come to the 

 weight best. " The Castle Martin cows are generally good, and, like 

 most Pembrokes, with white spots, and white under the belly, and horns 

 yellow with a black tip. In Pembrokeshire horses are often seen yoked 

 in front of oxen in carts. In Caermarthenshire many of the runts are 

 brindled and black, and with " a white ribbon," like the almost extinct 

 breed near Hexham. The bulls are small, and anything but good ; and 

 even in Anglesey, West Highlanders, Galloways, and Herefords are all 

 creeping in. They are now of all colours — black, brindled, dun, red, 

 black with white face, &c. ; but still the better pasture and green crops 

 keep them at the head of the pole for size. 



Glamorgan has got rid of the old sort, and taken more to Herefords, 

 or white and smutty-faced black beasts. Only one or two keep the old 

 white-tailed sort, which were higher on the leg than the modern 

 Glamorgans. The moderns are not a good lot of beasts, coarser than 

 the Pembrokes, excellent workers, and good for the pail, and generally 

 red-brown or ruddy, and dragged up on bad iron ore pasture. Many 

 of the best ponies and best trotters come out of Glamorganshire. There 



