30 NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM 



green. The head is somewhat flattened, labrum reddish brown, 

 the mandibles fuscous apically and the small antennae are whitish 

 basally, pale orange near the middle and semitransparent apically. 

 The large thoracic shield has irregular black markings at the 

 lateral posterior angles, the body is somewhat more fuscous laterally 

 and the setigerous tubercles are rather large, lighter than the body 

 and each bears a single fuscous hair. Anal plate yellowish with 

 a conspicuous irregular, transverse, black spot on the posterior half. 

 True legs with the basal segment fuscous yellowish, the other seg- 

 ments dark brown or black, prolegs pale yellowish green. 



Life history. The life history of this species has been sum- 

 marized by Professor Riley practically as follows : The moths appear 

 in the spring and presumably deposit their eggs upon the leaves, 

 the young larvae hatching in the early part of June. The leaf is 

 folded gradually by drawing the edges together, so that the upper 

 surfaces are nearly apposed and the structure forms a secure shelter 

 [pi. 2, fig. 2]. The caterpillars live in this retreat, feeding only 

 upon the parenchyma and may be found throughout the summer and 

 autumn, there being apparently but one generation annually. On 

 the approach of winter the caterpillar lines the interior of the leaf 

 with silk, and, dropping with it, hibernates in this shelter. The 

 overwintered caterpillar transforms in April or May to the pupa, 

 the latter making its way partly out of the leaf before disclosing 

 the adult. 



Distribution. This species appears to be widely distributed 

 in the eastern part of the country at least, it having been recorded 

 from the Atlantic States and as far west as Wisconsin and 

 Minnesota. 



Remedies. It is obvious, from this insect wintering in the 

 folded leaves, as given in the account above, that it should be 

 comparatively easy to destroy this pest in badly infested orchards 

 by raking up and burning the dried leaves. Furthermore, this in- 

 sect is undoubtedly amenable to arsenical poisons, and we have 

 yet to have our attention called to an instance where this pest 

 has appeared in numbers on thoroughly sprayed trees. This is 

 particularly true where the more adhesive arsenate of lead is em- 

 ployed in the later treatments. 



Bibliography 



i860 Clemens, B. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. Proc. 12:349. (Described as 

 Anchylopera) 



