1 697-] THE EMPEROR OF JARAR. 237 



The Gompany is as it were Absolute in this Island, a great 

 number of petty Sovereigns reigning there under their 

 Protection : Nay, the Emperor of Japar, who is by far the 

 most Potent of any of them, cannot be said to be entire 

 Sovereign of his Country, since the Hollanders have divers 

 Forts and Garrisons in it. As for the Natives of those 

 Provinces that retain their antient Dominion they are so 

 great Slaves that they choose rather to obey the Hollanders, 

 who treat them more courteously and politickly than their 

 own Princes.^ 



The GeneraP of this Company is in effect King, tho' he has 



Javanese, the Baliers, Bougginese or Buggese, Macassars, Amboynese, 

 Boutonneers or Madurese, Malays, Sambawaurese, and the Parnakan 

 Chinese ; these last are the most numerous and most useful of all the 

 foreign adventurers settled in Java." (Thorn, I. c, p. 239.) 



The entire population of the island of Java was estimated by Major 

 Thorn, in 1811 (p. 232), at five millions; of which the European 

 colonists formed comparatively a small number. " The burgher class 

 comprehends what is called the Dutch population at Batavia, but they 

 can hardly be termed Europeans, so completely are they intermixed 

 with the Portuguese and Malay colonists." 



" Few of the Batavian women", remarked Thorn, " were Europeans 

 by birth : their features and the contour of their faces may, indeed, 

 indicate that origin, but their complexion, character, and mode of life 

 approach nearest to those of the natives. Though fair, they have none 

 of that rosy tint which distinguishes the sex in Europe ; but a pale, sickly 

 languor overspreads their countenances." (Ibid.) 



1 " The island of Java had been anciently under the power of a single 

 monarch, sometimes styled by the Dutch simply emperor, and at others 

 King of Japara, from whom the Governor of Bantam revolted, assumed 

 the title of king, and was supported in this quality of an independent 

 prince by the Dutch. It was by a dexterous management of these 

 divisions that they maintained their own power ; for whenever the 

 Emperor of Java attempted anything to the prejudice of Batavia, the 

 King of Bantam was sure to take arms ; as, on the other hand, whenever 

 the King of Bantam took the field against them, they never failed to 

 have recourse to the Emperor of Java." {The Modern Part of an 

 Universal History., vol. ix, p. 3.) 



2 In orig. : " Le General de cette Compagnie, est un Roi qu'on 

 n'appelle pas Roi. mais General : car Roi est un mot, & General en est 

 un autre, comme Due, Doge, Prince, &c. Tout ces Hommes hi sont des 



