THE TRAXSITIO.V LV THE RACE. 365 



important respects from any of its existing allies. In the 

 first place, it must have been more social in habits ; and, in 

 the next place, it was probably more vociferous than the 

 orang, the gorilla, or the chimpanzee. That there is no 

 improbability in either of these suppositions will be at once 

 apparent if wc remember that both are amply sustained by 

 analogies among existing and allied species of the monkey 

 tribe. Or, to state these preliminary considerations in a 

 converse form, when it is assumed * that because the few 

 existing and expiring species of anthropoid apes are unsocial 

 and comparatively silent, therefore the simian ancestors of 

 man must have been so, it is enough to point to the varia- 

 bility of both these habits among certain allied genera of 

 monkeys and baboons, in order at the same time to dispose 

 of the assumption, and to indicate the probable reasons why 

 one genus of ape gradually became evolved into Homo, while 

 all the allied genera became, or are still becoming, extinct. 



Again, and still by way of preliminary consideration, we 

 must remember that the analogy of the growing child, 

 although most valuable up to a certain point, is not to be 

 unreservedly followed where we have to deal with the genesis 

 of speech. For, as previously noted, to the infancy of the 

 individual language is supplied from without, and has only to 

 be learnt ; while to the infancy of the race language was not 

 supplied, but had to be made. Therefore, even apart from 

 any question of heredity, we have here an immense difference 

 in the psychological conditions between the case of a growing 

 child and that of aboriginal man. Only in so far as the 

 growing child displays the tendency on which I have dwelt of 

 spontaneously extending the significance of denotative words, 

 or of spontaneously using such words in apposition for the 

 purpose of pre-conceptual predication — only to this extent 

 may we hope to find any true analogy between the individual 

 and the race in respect of that " transition " from receptual 

 to conceptual ideation with which wc are now concerned-f 



• E.g. by Mr. Ward, in his Dynamical Sotiology. 



t DifTcrcnces of opinion are cnlcrtaincJ by philologists concerning the value 



