406 MENTAL EVOLUTION IN MAN. 



analysis of self-consciousness. To this analysis, therefore, 

 we next addressed ourselves. 



Seeing that the faculty in question only occurs in man, 

 obviously it is only in the case of man that any material 

 is supplied for the analysis of it. Moreover, as previously 

 remarked, so far as this our analysis is concerned, we have 

 only to deal with the psychology of self-consciousness : we 

 are not concerned with its philosophy. Now, as a matter 

 of psychology, no one can possibly dispute that the faculty 

 in question is one of gradual development ; that during 

 the first two or three years of the growing intelligence of 

 man there is no vestige of any such faculty at all ; that 

 when it does begin to dawn, the human mind is already much 

 in advance of the mind of any brute ; but that, even so, it is 

 much less highly developed than it is afterwards destined to 

 become ; and that the same remark applies to the faculty of 

 self-consciousness itself. Furthermore, it will be granted that 

 self-consciousness consists in paying the same kind of atten- 

 tion to internal, or psychical processes, as is habitually paid 

 to external, or physical processes — although, of course, the 

 degrees in which such attention may be yielded are as various 

 in the one case as in the other. Lastly, it will be further 

 granted that in the minds of brutes, as in the minds of men, 

 there is a world of images, or recepts ; and that the only 

 reason why in the former case these images are not attended 

 to unless called up by the sensuous association of their corre- 

 sponding objects, is because the mind of a brute is not able to 

 leave the ground of such merely sensuous association, so as 

 to move through the higher and more tenuous region of intro- 

 spective thought. Nevertheless, I have proved that this 

 image-world, even in brutes, displays a certain amount of 

 internal activity, which is not wholly dependent on sensuous 

 associations supplied from without. For the phenomena of 

 " home-sickness," pining for absent friends, dreaming, halluci- 

 nation, &c., amply demonstrate the fact that in our more 

 intelligent domesticated animals there may be an internal 

 (though unintentional) play of ideation, wherein one image 



