RECENT LITERATURE. 93 



cause of the darker coloration. — Mr. E. A. Cockayne, between sixty 

 and seventy species illustrative of his notes on collecting in North 

 Sutherland ; an aberration of Acronycta leporina entirely white save for 

 a large central black spot on the fore wings ; and a fine series of 

 Camptoyramma bilineata spotted and striated with black were specially 

 noteworthy. — Mr. H. M. Edelsten, Acalla lorquiniana from Norfolk. 

 Attention was drawn to its similarity in miniature to Senta maritima, 

 and to the fact that it produced similar varieties. — Mr. V. E. Shaw, 

 Pachys betularia, including var. doubledayaria and several intermediates 

 between this variety and the type ; four nights' sembling at Bexley 

 yielded fourteen types, fifteen var. doubledayaria, and seven intermediate 

 forms. — Mr. P. H. Tautz, Cosmia pyralina taken at light in July, and 

 G. ajjinis bred from larvae beaten from elm ; both at Pinner. — Mr. 

 E. A. Cockayne read a paper entitled "Notes from North Sutherland," 

 in which was recorded the capture of many species apparently hitherto 

 not reported so far north in Great Britain. 



February 19th. — Mr. E. A. Cockayne exhibited Leucania Jiavicolor 

 and vars. rufa, lutea, and argillacea, melanic Nonagria geminipuncta 

 from Bournemouth, N. sparganii from South Ireland, and many other 

 allied species. — Mr. H. M. Edelsten, long series of many of the 

 " wainscots " ; also a pupa, in situ, of Meliana Jiammea, ova of Nonagria 

 geminipuncta, and puparium of N. typJia and N. cannce. — Mr. L. W. 

 Newman, pupae of M. Jiammea bred in captivity ; the larvae, instead of 

 pupating in stems, had drawn reed blades into perfect cylindrical form. 

 Also a pupa of Petasia nubeculosa, which, although a year old, retained 

 the greenish transparent appearance characteristic of newly-formed 

 pupae. — Mr. V. E. Shaw, a series of Toxocampa pastinum, Walmer, 

 July, 1906, and Laphygma exigua bred in December. — A discussion on 

 the " wainscots" was ably initiated by Mr. H. M. Edelsten, who, in 

 his opening remarks, gave interesting details of the life-history of many 

 species. — S. J. Bell, Hon. Sec. 



EECENT LITERATURE. 



A Natural History of the British Butterflies, their World-wide Variation 

 and Geographical Distribution : a Text-book for Students and Col- 

 lectors. By J. W. Tutt, F.E.S. Vol. i., pp. 479, plates xx. 

 London: Elliot Stock. Berlin: Friedlander & Sohn. 1905- 

 1906. 



Another work by the indefatigable Mr. Tutt. This time it is the 

 first of what are to be several volumes devoted to the British butter- 

 flies, all treated in his exhaustive style. The volume just completed 

 contains about eighty pages of introductory matter of a general cha- 

 racter relating to the eggs and larvae, and deals with many of their 

 characteristics, including the knowledge recently acquired of the 

 association of some of them with ants, and of the carnivorous habits 

 of certain species. 



The rest of the volume, comprising nearly four hundred pages, is 

 occupied with a detailed account of nearly all that is known of ten 

 species — the eight British "skippers," the " small copper," and the 



