RECENT LITERATURE. 119 



ing observations on that bygone entomological locality, Hammersmith 

 Marshes. Mr. L. B. Prout contributes an important paper on " The 

 PJieumaptera hastata group," occupying twelve pages, from which we 

 gather that the association of the British species so generally included 

 under Melanippe is not in the least correct. Some of these species 

 have to go in one genus and some in another, but the species tristata, 

 altemata (sociata), &c, are referred to Epirrhoe, Hiibn., and the only 

 British species of PJieumaptera, Hiibn., is hastata. The European 

 luctuata, SchifL, which has been considered to be generically associated 

 with hastata, is here supposed to find its most probable allies in picata, 

 Hiibn., amniculata, Hiibn. (unangulata, Haw.), &c, and should there- 

 fore be placed in Euphyia, Hiibn. Three local races, and four aberra- 

 tions of hastata are discussed. 



There is an excellent paper by Dr. Chapman on the " Differentia- 

 tion of T. tridens and T. psi in the Imaginal Stage." Probably we 

 have no other two Noctuid moths more difficult to distinguish in the 

 perfect state than these two Acronyctids, consequently they are fre- 

 quently mixed in collections. Of course in the larval state the diffe- 

 rences are so obvious that separation is then quite simple. Dr. Chap- 

 man affirms that there are many differences between the imagines of 

 one species and the other, but at the same time he admits that there 

 are no differences whatever. This means that to the practised eye 

 certain peculiarities of form, colour, and marking are recognized as 

 belonging to this or to that species ; but these distinctions are so subtle 

 that they cannot be conveyed in a differential description. Until one 

 has acquired the necessary experience, it seems to be advisable to 

 admit only specimens reared from larvae to one's series of each species. 

 However, where captured specimens happen to be males, correct 

 identification may be assured by examination of the genitalia, and the 

 author illustrates this point by two helpful plates, which by his 

 courtesy, «,nd the permission of the Society, we have here reproduced. 



Another paper of very great interest is that by Mr. Sicb, entitled 

 " Notes on the Micro-Lepidopterous Fauna of the London District 

 Tineina." 



Eleventh Annual Report of the State Entomologist of Minnesota for the 

 Year 1906. Pp. 87. 

 This is the Fifth Annual Report of the State Entomologist, Dr. 

 F. L. Washburn. Among other matters of interest in this report is a 

 chapter on the Cabbage Maggot and other pests, and accompanying 

 this is a coloured plate, showing some of the enemies of the said 

 maggot. An illustrated Entomological Calendar should be useful to 

 farmers and fruit-growers. 



Butterflies of Hongkong and South-East China. By J. C. Kershaw, 

 F.E.S., F.Z.S. Parts iv. and v. (London agent : E. H. Porter.) 

 Part iv., pp. 65-82, treats of the Lycrenidse, and pages 83-86 are 

 occupied with General Notes. Plates viii. and ix. are also comprised in 

 this instalment. Part v., pages 87-118, deals with the Pierina? and 

 Papilioninae and is illustrated by Plates x.-xiii. Parts i.-iii. of this 

 work were referred to, ante, p. 48. 



