LIFE -HISTORY OP CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR VAR. RUTILUS. 175 



you to see the preparations, from which I think you will see there 

 is a difference in all three [processes], but most noticeable in the 

 largest one." I forwarded the "rough sketch" to Herr Dietze, 

 and he agrees that it shows a difference which, if constant, should 

 be specific. I need not here refer to the work done by Crewe and 

 Hellins nearly half a century ago (Zool. 1861, pp. 7796, 7797 ; 

 Ent. Ann. 1861, p. 130 ; 1862, pp. 42-44 ; 1863, p. 126, &c), 

 except to recommend it to the notice of our Continental friends ; 

 for we in Britain have been, more or less, familiarized with it 

 through Newman's, Buckler's, and other books. Much more 

 recently (1895-96) a number of interesting notes appeared on the 

 subject in vol. ii. of the ' Entomologist's Record ' (pp. 43, 83, 87, 

 109, 197, 254), which brought out that, although the food-plants 

 are not always different — mugwort, tansy, and yarrow suiting 

 both species* — every other circumstance favours the absolute 

 distinctness of the two. I would especially emphasize Mr. Shel- 

 don's observations (pp. 197-198), including the pupal differentia- 

 tion ; the pupa of subfulvata, from an experience of thousands of 

 examples, is shown to be rich red, with the wing-cases somewhat 

 lighter and inclined towards buff; while that of succenturiata has 

 the abdomen dark buff, inclined towards brown, and the wing- 

 cases of a decided olive-green. 



(To be continued.) 



LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR 

 var. RUTILUS. 



By F. W. Frohawk, M.B.O.U., F.E.S. 



(Concluded from p. 146.) 



Before first moult the larva measures J in. long, of a pale 

 semi-transparent yellowish green. They continually shift their 

 quarters, never remaining to feed in the same place long. The 

 first moult took place on June 26th, the first stage lasting only 

 five days. 



Before second moult it is T 3 ¥ in. long. The whole formation 

 is similar to the first stage ; the segments are boldly humped 

 dorsally, the sides flattened and sloping, the body being some- 

 what depressed ; the dorsal surface forms a gentle curve from 

 one end to the other, the ventral surface is flattened. The dorsal 

 hairs, which are now more numerous, are much stouter and 



* Readers who possess a copy of Barrett's ' British Lepidoptera ' should 

 make a small correction in vol. ix. p. 53. I did not tell Mr. Barrett that E. 

 subfulvata fed willingly on the blossoms of the garden chrysanthemum, but 

 on the leaves ; E. succenturiata can also be reared on chrysanthemum- 

 leaves. 



