LIFE-HISTORY OF CHRYSOPHANUS DISPAR VAR. RUTILUS. 177 



movements, crawling with a slow gliding motion, but eat vora- 

 ciously, and grow rapidly. 



The first one pupated on July 12th, again occupying five days 

 in the last larval stage. In each stage the first one was rapidly 

 followed by the greater part of the large number I had under 

 observation, so that the dates given apply to the majority. The 

 larval state occupies only twenty-one days. 



Directly after pupation the colour is ochreous yellow, 

 changing through greenish, and the markings gradually deepen- 

 ing. All the markings are clearly defined in ninety minutes 

 after pupating ; in twenty- four hours the colouring and markings 

 are perfected. 



The pupa measures in length from T 7 g to J in., and \ in. in 

 width ; it is stout, dumpy, and rounded. Side view : the head 

 is slightly angular, due to the ridge in front ; thorax convex ; 

 abdomen forms a complete curve to the anal extremity, which is 

 ventrally much compressed, and clothed with cremastral hooks ; 

 the ventral surface forms almost a straight line. Dorsal view : 

 head rounded, swollen across the thorax, concaved in the middle ; 

 abdominal segments swollen and rounded, widest at the third 

 and fourth segments ; anal extremity bluntly attenuated. Colour- 

 ing of head, thorax, and wings pale ochreous ; a dusky brown 

 medio-dorsal longitudinal line ; abdomen pale ochreous-brown 

 dorsally, oblique yellow ochreous stripes bordered below by a 

 dark brown band spotted with buffish white, two to three spots 

 on each segment ; rest olive-brown, blending into ochreous at 

 the extremity ; spiracles prominent and whitish ; thorax speckled 

 subdorsally with olive-brown. The whole of the head, thorax, 

 and abdomen sprinkled with minute whitish floral vase-like pro- 

 cesses, expanding into clefted petal-like formations surrounding 

 the mouth of the vase ; also the surface is covered with tiny 

 circular discs, and raised dark brown and black reticulations of 

 an irregular network pattern ; also on the head are numerous 

 minute white hairs with branching tips — the whole forming a 

 wonderfully elaborated decorative surface. Before emergence 

 the entire colouring deepens until the final coloration of the 

 imago shows through the shell. It is firmly attached to a stem 

 of the plant or under surface of the leaf by a girdle round the 

 middle, and the cremastral hooks securely anchored to a pad of 

 silk spun on the surface. 



The first (a male) emerged July 23rd, 1906, followed by a 

 large number of both sexes daily, until the end of the month. 

 About an equal proportion of sexes emerged. 



During the middle of August I received living females from 

 Colmar, which deposited freely upon dock and sorrel. The eggs 

 hatched at the end of August and beginning of September. They 

 fed and grew much slower than the summer broods. During 

 September they moulted once, and entered into hybernation in 



