198 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



The only Apatura seen in any stage was a pupa of A. ilia, 

 which I spied suspended from the under side of a leaf of Populus 

 tremula, and which produced a male example of the var. clytie 

 after my return to England. 



Another interesting species observed was Melitcea maturna, 

 which was not infrequent and in fair order, though a fortnight 

 earlier would have been a better time for the majority of the 

 specimens captured. M. maturna in this district frequents 

 chiefly woods that have had the undergrowth cut a few years 

 back ; the flight very much resembles that of Vanessa urticce, 

 which it is easy to mistake it for on the wing ; it is very partial 

 to settling on a bush, and from thence taking a short, rapid, 

 hovering flight, returning to the same bush and twig and settling 

 again. 



In the marshes Chrysophanus hippothoe was in great numbers, 

 and of both sexes, in the finest condition ; the females were very 

 variable, some of the examples being very brightly coppered, 

 whilst others were almost black, with very little copper on the 

 upper sides. Amongst my captures of this species was a male 

 example without the principal row of ocelli which obtains in the 

 type on the under sides of all wings. Nomiades semiargus was 

 abundant in the marshes, and in the finest condition. Melitcea 

 aurinia was also abundant in the marshes, but passe. 



In the woods Aporia cratcegi occurred plentifully, and ex- 

 amples of Leucophasia sinapis were observed ; Limenitis sibylla 

 was very abundant and fresh ; Melitcea athalia and M. dictynna 

 were common generally ; Pararge achine flew abundantly in the 

 shady rides ; Erebia medusa was frequent, but almost all the 

 specimens were past their best ; Thecla pruni flew round bushes 

 commonly ; Brenthis ino was very abundant everywhere, and 

 was in the finest condition, with plenty of females ; Ccenonympha 

 arcania flew freely by the sides of the rides ; Grapta c-album 

 was just emerging as we came away. Thecla iv-album would 

 doubtless have been abundant later on, but the only example 

 actually observed was a pupa found by myself on the under side 

 of an elm-leaf. 



The larvae of Vanessa urticce and V. io swarmed on every 

 patch of nettles. Hesperia alveus was frequent and freshly 

 emerged. A newly emerged specimen of Thecla ilicis was taken, 

 and one each of Brenthis dia and Pararge mcera. One small 

 locality produced a few specimens of Nomiades cyllarus in fine 

 condition. 



Broods of Vanessa polychloros larvae had been abundant on 

 poplar and elm, and a few late larvae were taken. The pupae 

 were to be found hung up under projecting copings of walls, &c. ; 

 and one found by Mr. Abbott attached to a grass-stem was at 

 least one hundred yards from any possible food-plant. 



The larvae of Araschnia levana were to be found on their food- 



