238 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



to-day (September 3rd) the first moth emerged. Is not this period of 

 pupation unusually short, seeing that pupse were only under the 

 influence of ordinary kitchen temperature and by no means hardly 

 forced? — Leslie Burt; Broadley, Coedcanas, Begelly, R.S.O., Pem- 

 brokeshire, September 3rd, 1907. 



Collecting on thic Lincolnshire Coast. — Between the Humber 

 and the Wash there extends a stretch of coast line of slightly convex 

 outline and similar in character along its length. About the centre is 

 placed the village of Sutton-on-Sea, a place unknown to me before the 

 present year and possibly new to some of my brother entomologists, so 

 that a few notes thereon may be of interest. I spent two short 

 periods there, between August 6th and August 20th, and during that 

 time it rained every day. This, I believe, is unusual, for the district 

 is noted for dry bracing air and sunshine. The place is easily de- 

 scribed. The shore, which is of great extent at low tide, consists of 

 very firm sail'], interspersed with patches of hard, slippery mud. 

 Next the shore is a range of high sand-hills, averaging fifty feet high, 

 with a width of, perhaps, seventy yards at their base, bare on the side 

 next the sea and covered with growth on the land side. Behind the 

 dunes flat fen-land stretches for several miles, but some slight undula- 

 tions are to be found, and hills can be seen in the distance some eight 

 miles away. The growth on the dunes is mainly couch grass, with 

 some marram, false oat, and other grasses, ragwort, knapweed, 

 hounds'-tongue, thistles, burdock, and other weeds, as well as large 

 areas of elder and sea-buckthorn. The land behind the dunes is 

 mostly arable, but there is some pasture, and many water-weeds and 

 rushes grow in the dykes that separate the fields and in the hollows 

 that have been dug for clay. The weather prohibited much work 

 in the daytime, for the winds were strong and the sky mostly cloudy. 

 Butterflies were naturally few, and those seen comprised Pieris rapes, 

 P. napi, Vanessa urtica, Epiniphele ianira, E. tithonus, and Chrysophanus 

 phheas. Portkesia similis and Leucoma salicis were common enough. 

 Bryophila perla was to be found on the walls, and Eubolia limitata was 

 in fair condition. On sugar in the evenings there was no lack of 

 insects. They arrived early, as soon as the mixture was put on ; they 

 stayed late ; they fought persistently, and were hardly to be driven 

 away. Most noticeable among them was Xylophasia monoglyplia. It 

 simply swarmed ; its ferocity was wonderful to see, and it showed 

 a fine variation from the lightest to the darkest forms. The next 

 plentiful insect, perhaps, was Miana Uterosa, but M. bicoloria, Triphama 

 pronuba, T. comes, Xylophasia lithoxylea, Leucania pallens, L. impura, 

 L. lithargyria, Apamea didyma, Agrotis exclamationis, A. nigricans, 

 A. tritici, Noctua c-nigrum, and Hadena oleracea were in some numbers, 

 accompanied by a few Acronycta psi, Calamia phragviitidis, Cerigo 

 niatura, Mamcstra brassicce, Caradrina alsines, Agrotis vestigalis, and 

 Acidalia dimidiata. Luperina testacea came to light but not to sugar. 

 Possibly a longer list could have been made from insects on sugar but 

 for the aggressiveness of X. monoglypha. That is, I fear, an oft- 

 repeated tale, but 1 have never seen it so well merited as in this 

 instance. — B. W. Adkin ; Trenoweth, 8, Hope Park, Bromley, Kent. 



