no The Morality of Nature 



definition, and may not be absolutely clear. From this un- 

 defined point it proceeds to use the equipment, adding to it 

 as it goes. Now observe how the conduct in question, that 

 which uses and adds to the heredity, is normally the work of 

 several individuals combined in community of purpose. And 

 observe too how in that purpose the different members of 

 the association bring different qualities which extend the 

 ability of the whole. The grandparents we may suppose 

 still aid by the counsel of their greater experience although 

 they are no longer in control. The younger parents in the 

 prime of energetic action, with children of their own, are 

 normally the managers. The children with emotional inex- 

 perience, and with almost helpless dependence, still supply 

 unconsciously the incentives to moral altruism. Such a 

 family in possession of good health and intelligence and with 

 active, prosperous surroundings in a civilized progressive 

 country, is an association of specialized abilities which bene- 

 fits each one of its members. Together they possess and earn 

 more than their physical needs, and they therefore are ac- 

 cumulating more or less surplus. Care and anxiety are not 

 demanded; nature is seen to be very tolerant of mistakes 

 conscientiously made. But for errors deliberately chosen, 

 in defiance of conscience and of instinct and reason, the con- 

 sequences can be seen to fall upon the unit including their 

 lineal descendants in approximately just measure. If for 

 dissipation's sake they neglect to educate their children, then 

 they may secure passing pleasure; but these children, part 

 of their living conduct unit of their own flesh and blood, 

 will suffer. If by neglect, for indolence sake, the health of 

 the children is lowered, then they may gain ease, but their 



