Co-operation Instinctive i45 



sciousness of life and fear of death were not potent factors 

 in the conduct of unciviHzed man, and did not become so 

 even in his early civihzation, until his elevation to a higher 

 intellect had been accomplished by another impulse which we 

 call morality. In the search for a historical beginning of 

 this impulse many sources are discovered. The early mani- 

 festation was like other growths, the result of many varia- 

 tions in responsiveness. In some individuals there was 

 abrupt and startling revelation of wisdom and cultivation of 

 it. The education of the lower intelligence by the higher, as 

 by a prophet inspired, characterized the new growth. 

 Prophetic wisdom, however, does not reveal the source of the 

 impulse ; it only illustrates its workings. It is the operation 

 of the impulse in the productive stage, to organize humanity 

 for co-operation. The beginning of the wisdom there demon- 

 strated, is to be sought farther back. It is in fact shown 

 by history to begin in those very faults which 'first nullify 

 the advantages of consciousness. The establishment, in bar- 

 baric humanity, of the tribal unit was at first unconscious, 

 and the conduct was experimental, each association or tribe 

 maintaining itself, or destroying itself, according to its con- 

 duct among other tribes. In fact this was but the continua- 

 tion of the same principles of conduct variation, and survival 

 of the fittest, which we saw in individual life, and the 

 application of them to the larger units of organized indi- 

 viduals. The survival of some of these units, proven to be 

 comparatively the best by the fact that they survive, appears 

 clearly based upon the old law, without much modification by 

 a foreknowledge of consequences. There were many varia- 

 tions of aggressive conduct with rudimentary perception of a 



