Co-operation Instinctive i47 



Thus we find that in different places at the same time, 

 or in different times at the same place, there may arise two 

 or more races which are under trial to survive or to disap- 

 pear, without knowledge of the test, or of one another. They 

 will respond in accord with the instincts of the creatures 

 and the conditions of their environment. 



And generally the survivors are the pacific and organiz- 

 ing races, which grow rapidly to superior strength in com- 

 parison with the destructive and aggressive races, whose 

 growth is necessarily slower. It is evident that barbaric 

 conduct has its greatest value for humanity in the primitive 

 struggle of the few against the many, in the fight for life 

 of man in small families or clans against nature alive and 

 armed. In these circumstances every man to survive must 

 be a fighter, and, like the carnivora, he will behave even to 

 his fellowman, in that way which is compelled by his manner 

 of living. He stands suspicious and aloof. But he will 

 associate with his own blood whom he can trust and so 

 achieve in numbers new strength for survival. For him the 

 practice of altruism beyond his kin and offspring is danger- 

 ous, and distrust is safety, yet altruism is kept alive in the 

 instinctive care of family, which it must be noted induces 

 the sacrifice of self in even carnivorous beasts. Man endures 

 this life of aggression when it is imposed by environment. 

 But he instinctively tempers it by so much of association as 

 proves beneficial, and evidently any success attained by this 

 way of living, which shows itself in growth of his tribe, 

 will impel him and his successors to accept more and more 

 the restraints, and to adopt more and more the strengthening 

 ideals of co-operation. 



