CHAPTER XII 



AUTHORITY 



The evolution of greater units of conduct from smaller 

 ones, is perceptible in all the history of civilization, as an 

 effect of increase of capacity. The ability to effectively com- 

 bine by which a nation organizes and acquires solidarity, is 

 an ability which arises in morality, and which grows and 

 enlarges only in proportion as that morality develops. The 

 higher forms of association, and the new forms of morality, 

 are evolved together necessarily ; because the moral principle 

 creates greater cohesive force, and therefore enables the 

 increase of numerical strength ; and this again stimulates and 

 in fact compels a continued responsive progress, as a means 

 of maintenance. The relationship thus discoverable in the 

 facts of complex and intellectual conduct, is found to have 

 its source in physical and primitive needs. The simple 

 organization of the family, the parents with the brood of 

 immature young, is the natural early type and pattern, of 

 an organization directed by the wisdom of those obviously 

 superior, and united by unavoidable dependence. That this 

 organization is moral cannot be disputed. The arbitrary 

 character of the government is, in the beginning, just as 

 normal as is the control of the somatic body by the mentally 

 qualified person. And when the family enlarges, and in- 



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