36 LABORATORY MANUAL OF GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY 



with salt effects on wheat seedlings (p. 14) muscle (p. 58) and heart 

 (p. 88). 



2. Schafer's Hypothesis of Ciliary Movement, (a) Cilium. — Cut a 

 narrow strip of paper (2 ins. in length) parallel to the shorter edge of the 

 sheets provided (stationary or letter head bond). Wet one side with 

 water and observe change of shape. 



(b) Flagellvun. — Cut a long narrow strip along a diagonal of a sheet 

 of paper provided. Wet one side. Observe and sketch the form of the 

 strip. Text p. 282. 



According to Schafer units in the vibratile structure of a cilium expand 

 under hydrostatic pressure. Cf. Gray, p. 55. Text p. 286. 



3. Cilia in the Frog. — A pithed frog is fastened dorsum down on a 

 frog board. Remove viscera except oesophagus and stomach. Cut 

 through lower jaw in mid line and continue the cut to the stomach. 

 Pin back the sides of lower jaw and oesophagus to form a flat surface on a 

 level with the roof of the mouth. Irrigate with Ringer solution. Avoid 

 excess fluid. Text p. 285- 



According to Lucas, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 30: 501, 1933, the 

 excised pharyngeal epithelium of the frog gives rhythmic ciliary move- 

 ment but in vivo these cilia are at rest and move only when excited. 



(a) Place a bit of cork on exposed membrane. Determine direction 

 of movement. Try heavier pieces of cork. Tip the board so the cork is 

 carried up an incline. 



(b) Determine time in seconds for movement of cork through one inch. 

 Determine again after warming with saline at 30°C. 



(c) Blow fumes of ether on preparation (use saturated filter paper). 

 After a few seconds determine the speed again. 



4. Effect of a Series of Alcohols on Ciliary Motion (Traube's Rule). — 

 The following alcohols will be tested as narcotics on cilia: 



Alcohol 



Weight of 1 cc. 



Methyl . 

 Ethyl. . 

 Propyl . 

 Butyl. . 

 Amyl. . 



0.80 gr. 



0.79 



0.80 



0.78 



0.82 



(a) Remove fragments of gill (not mantle) from a living clam and 

 place in sea water. Place a bit of gill in a watch glass containing exactly 

 5 cc. of sea water on the microscope stage. With a calibrated medicine 

 dropper add drops of the given alcohol at two min. intervals. Stir. 

 Determine number of drops required to produce narcosis (half the cilia 

 stopped). Return to sea water and determine time for recovery. CALI- 



