12 THE COMMON RATS 



be found an established colony of Albinos living in open com- 

 petition with the common Norways or with forms of Mus rattus, 

 but all of the colonies are maintained practically under condi- 

 ditions of domestication. 



In the northern United States, except along the water front 

 of the larger ports, where the house rat arrives from time to 

 time on vessels, we have therefore to deal almost exclusively 

 with the Norway rat. The Norway has been in this region 

 probably not more than a hundred and fifty years. Though 

 living wild, it is more or less dependent on the food conditions 

 found where man is established. The familiar Albino — Mus 

 norvegicus albinus — is a sport derived from the wild Norway, 

 and is the form on which most of the investigations here pre- 

 sented have been made. 



It is important to note that in their general physical charac- 

 ters both the wild Norways and the Albinos of western Europe 

 are similar to the corresponding forms in the United States 

 (Donaldson, '12, and '12 a). 



On the other hand the Hagedoorns ('17) report that the wild 

 Norway in the Island of Java shows much variability. 



EARLY RECORDS AND MIGRATIONS : REFERENCES 



Albertus Magnus, b. 1206-d. 1280. Barrett-Hamilton, 1892. Bate, '12. Baum- 

 gart, '04. Blasius, 1857. Borcherding, 1889. Campbell, 1892. Cantoni, 1880. 

 Clarke, 1891. Cornalia, 1858-1871. Cornish, 1890. Donaldson, '12 b. Donn- 

 dorff, 1792. Edwards, 1871, 1872. Erxleben, 1777. Fischer, 1869. Geisenhey- 

 mer, 1892. Geoffrey, 1812. Gesner, 1551. Giraldus Cambrensis, b. 1146?-d. 

 1220. Godman, 1826-1828. Gourlay, '07. Hagedoorn and Hagedoorn, '17. 

 Hamy, '06. Harlan, 1825. Hatai, '07, '07 c, '12. Hehn, '11. Hossack, '06, '07, 

 '07 b. risle, 1865. Keller, '09. Keller-Zschokke, 1892. Lagerlof, '07. Lantz, 

 '09. Lapicque and Legendre, '11. Lefroy, 1882. Liebe, 1891. Lindner, 1891. 

 Linnaeus, 1746, 1758, 1766. Lloyd, '10, '12. Lonnberg, '06. Lons, '08. Luke, 

 '17. Major (see Baumgart, '04). Meinardus, 1882. Messer, 1889. Middendorff, 

 1875. Millais, '04, '05. Mojsisovics, 1897. Morgan, '09. Moss, 1836. Murphy, 

 '17. Murray, 1866. Ovalle, 1646. Pallas, 1778, 1831. Pennant, 1781. Prodro- 

 mus, Theodorus (see Keller, '09). Przibram, '12. Reichert and Brown, '09. 

 Rodwell, 1858. Schaff, 1891. Sulzer, 1774. Vega, 1609, 1688. Ward, '06. 

 Webster, 1892. Woldfich, 1880-1884. 



General similarities in tvestern Europe and America. Donaldson, '12, '12 a. 



Rattenkoenig. 



Ahrend, '03. Demaison, '06. DoUfus, '06. Koepert, '04. 



