68 TERTIARY SERIES. 



numbers of the creatures that wore permitted to enjoy it, 

 in the multitiKle of sliclls and bonf;s })reserved in the strata 

 that were dc[)osil(;(l durintf each of the four (;j)ochs we are 

 considering. 



M. Deshayes and Mr. Lyoll have recently proposed a 

 lourfold division of the marine formations of the tertiary 

 scries, founded on the proportions which their fossil shells 

 hear to marine shells of existing species. To these divisions 

 Mr. f^yell has af)plicd the terms Eocene, Miocene, Older 

 PU.oc.rn.e and JM'ruier Pliocene; and has most ahly illustrated 

 their history in the third volume of his Principles of Geo- 

 logy- 



The term Fif)C(!ne imjjlies the commencement or danm of 



the existing state of the animal creation; the strata of this 

 series containing a very small proportion of shells referable 

 to living species. The Calcaire Grossier of Paris, and the 

 London clay, arc; familiar examples of this older tertiary, or 

 l']o<-<;ri(! formation. 



The l(!rm Miocene implies that a minority, of fossil shells,, 

 in formations of this period, are of recent s[)ecies. To this 

 era are referred the iossil shells of Bordeaux, Turin, and 

 Vienna. 



fn formations of the Older, and Newer Pliocene, taken 

 together, the majority of the shells belongs to living species ; 

 the recent species in the newer, being much more abundant 

 than in lh(! older <Mvision. 



To the Older Plio(;(;ne, l;elong the Sub-apennine marine 

 formations, and the lOnglisli Crag ; and to the Newer Plio- 

 cene, IIh; more recent marine d(;posites of Sicily, Ischia, and 

 Tuscany.* 



Haino map on a Inrpor unnlr, appcarfl in the Hcoond ficricH of the Trnnsac- 

 tions oflho Jjinncun Society of Norrnaiidy. 



In the Anjmls of PhiloHopIiy, 182.'}, the Rev. W. V). Coiiyhcaro publiHiicd 

 an adrniralilo memoir, illuHtrativc of a Himilar geolojrical map of fliirope. 



* The total number of known fossil shells in the tertiary series In .'1,0.10. 

 OftheHe 1,'.3;)8 are found in the Eocene; l,0i21 in the Miocene; and 777 in 

 the Older and Wcwer I'liocenc divisionH. 



