80 TERTIARY SERIES. 



and preserved together with marine shells; such are the 

 Subapennine marine formations, containing the remains of 

 Elephant, Rhinoceros, &c. and the Crag of Norfolk.* 



Secondly, we have similar remains of terrestrial quad- 

 rupeds, mixed with fresh-water shells, in strata formed 

 during the same epoch, at the bottom of fresh-water lakes 

 and ponds; such as those which occur in the Val D'Arno, 

 and in the small lacustrine deposite at North CUff, near Mar- 

 ket Weighton, in Yorkshire. (See Phil. Mag. 1829, vol. 

 vi. p. 225.) 



Thirdly, we have remains of the same animals in caverns 

 and fissures of rocks, which formed parts of the dry land 

 during the more recent portions of the same period. Such 

 are the bones collected by Hyaenas, in the caves of Kirk- 

 dale, Kent's Hole, Lunel, &c.: and the bones of Bears in 

 caverns of the limestone rocks of central Germany, and the 

 Grotte d'Osselles, near Besangon. Such also are the bones 

 of the osseous breccia, found in fissures of limestone rocks 

 on the northern shores of the Mediterranean, and in similar 

 fissures of hmestone at Plymouth, and in the Mendip Hills 

 in Somerset. These are derived chiefly from horbivora 

 which fell into the fissures before they were partially filled 

 with the detritus of a violent inundation. 



Fourthly, we have the same remains contained in depo- 

 sites of diluvial detritus, dispersed over the surface of forma- 

 tions of all ages. 



As I have elsewhere (Reliquiae Diluviansef) entered into 



* In tlie museum at Milan, I have seen a large part of tl\e skeleton of 

 a Rhinoceros, from tlie Sub appennine formation, having oyster sliells at- 

 tached to many of its bones, in such a manner as to show that the skeleton 

 must have remained undisturbed for a considerable time at the bottom of th& 

 sea. Cuvier also states tliat in the museum at Turin there is the head of an 

 elephant, to which sliells of the same kind were similarly attached, and 

 fitted to the form of the bones. 



■j- The evidence which I have collected in my Reliquix Diluvianx, 

 1823, shows, that one of the last great physical events that have affected 

 the surface of our globe, v.'as a violent inundation, which overwhelmed 



