Fig. 30. Side View of Face. Superficial Layer. 



The Parotid Region lias been dissected on the Left Side and a windoiv made 



in the Parotid Gland to shew tlie formation of SrENSOiv's Duct, Branches of 



the Facial Nerve and the main vessels (all very carefully dissected). 



Broadh' speaking the Vessels and Nerves of the Face are subcutaneous 

 with the exception of the area covered by the Parotid Gland. 



The Parotid Gland is co\ered b}' a thick fascia; its outer surface is tri- 

 angular in shape with the base directed upwards and the Apex at the angle of the 

 Lower Jaw. The base extends from the posterior extremity of the Zygoma to 

 the Cartilaginous portion of the External Auditory Canal and to the Anterior 

 border of the Sternomastoid Muscle. The posterior border runs parallel to the 

 Sternomastoid Muscle; at the angle of the Jaw, this is met by the Anterior 

 border which crosses the Masseter Muscle. The greater part of the Gland lies 

 behind the Ramus of the Jaw and extends inwards to the Digastric (i. e. close to 

 tlie Carotid and Jugular Vessels Fig. 53). Stenson's Duct runs almost horizontally 

 forwards ^/^th inch below the Zygoma and turns inwards at the Anterior border 

 of the Masseter to perforate the Buccinator obliquely and terminate within the 

 Buccal Cavity opposite the 2nd upper molar tooth (cf. Fig. 57). There is often 

 present an Accessory Parotid (Socia Parotidis) attached to the Duct (cf. Fig. 30). 



The Facial Ner\'e bears a close relation to the Gland. After emerging 

 out of the Stxiomastoid Foramen this nerve enters the substance of the Gland at 

 the level of the lobule of the Ear. Here it divides, and its branches run in the 

 substance of the gland, to emerge at the Anterior border and be distributed to 

 all the muscles of Facial Expression. Consequently it is impossible to remove the 

 whole of the Parotid Gland without injury to the Facial Nerve, but removal of 

 the lower part in no way leads to interference with the Nerve: in this case the 

 Mandibular Branch, which supplies the muscles of the angle of the mouth, is 

 chiefly damaged. The branches of the Facial Nerve form an anastomosis with 

 each other (Pes Anserina) and with the Fifth. 



The Auriculo-Temporal Nerve (from V, 3) runs through the Parotid Gland 

 £is well as the Superficial Temporal Artery (continuation of External Carotid 

 Arter}') ; this vessel in its course through the gland gives off the Tran,sverse Facial 

 Artery which takes a horizontal course. The Superficial Temporal Artery then 

 passes upwards in front of the ear dividing into an Anterior (Frontal) and a 

 Posterior (Parietal) branch to supply the Frontal and Parietal Regions of the Scalp 

 as far as the Vertex. The Temporal Vein, accompanying the Artery-, receives 

 blood from the Temporal Region and the Ear. In the substance of the Parotid 

 Gland are embedded a few h-mphatic glands which are of practical importance; 

 rarely, a cutaneous 13'mphatic gland, superficial to the Parotid, is found. 



