Fig. 127. Position of Viscera covered by Peritoneum — Child. 



Child under one year of age. Anterior abdominal iva/l, Stomach, Jejunum, Ileiiiii, 



Left portion of Transverse Colon, Sigmoid Flexure, Mesenteries and ivall of 



Omental Sac, Transverse Mesocolon have been removed. Peritoneum, blue. 



Inner layer of Omental Sac, yellow. 



This figure shews the Abdominal and part of the Pelvic Viscera in situ 

 after removal of those mentioned above. The Liver is large, its anterior surface 

 passing beyond the right costal arch throughout its whole extent (reminding one 

 of the arrangement in the Foetus). Of the Viscera the following parts are shewn. 

 Cardiac end of Stomach cut across transversely. Pylorus joining the Duodenum, 

 of which, by removal of the Anterior layer (if the lesser Omentum, the hori- 

 zontal and commencement of the descending portion with the opening of the 

 Common Bile Duct are shewn. 



The remaining part is covered by the Transverse Colon. The lumen of 

 the intestine is visible at the Duodeno-jejunal Flexure, below and posterior to 

 which is found the Duodeno-jejunal Fossa. 



The Ileo-'caecal junction and the Vermiform Appendix are seen in their 

 usual position at a higher level in the child than in the adult. 



The Ascending Colon which appears rather short in the figure, the right 

 half of the Transverse Colon (lumen owing to line of section), on the left the 

 Splenic Flexure, Descending Colon, and two openings through which the upper 

 and lower extremities of the Sigmoid P'lexure are also visible. 



On the lower surface of the Liver we find the Gall Bladder and vessels 

 entering the Hilum of the Liver, the Bile Ducts and further to the left the 

 Spleen. Forming the left inferior boundar}' of the Fossa Duodeno-jejunalis is 

 the Left Colic Artery. 



In this instance the Kidney is horseshoe-shaped, but the Ureters are normal 

 and occup3' normal positions, crossing the External Iliac vessels (cf. Figs. 131, 134, 

 ij^. 137. 14Q. 150) and disappearing behind the much distended Rectum. 



By the side of the left Ureter runs the Sujaerior Haemorrhoidal Artery 

 (a branch of the Inferior Mesenteric) to the Rectum. 



In front of the Rectum is the Uterus, of which the fundus is visible; 

 from either side the round ligament passes to the Inguinal Canal crossing in 

 their course the Deep Epigastric Vessels. The Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries lie 

 on the right side in the true pelvis, on the left side in the false pelvis, either 

 because they have not completely descended, or, more probably, because the much 

 distended Rectum had pushed them upwards. This latter view is supported by 

 the fact that the Fundus Uteri is squeezed in between the Bladder and the left 

 wall of the pelvis. 



In front of the Uterus lies tlie Bladder, bounded anteriorly by the slightly 

 opened Cave of RetziU-S; in this region the Bladder is uncovered by Peritoneum. 



The Peritoneum which lines all these organs, and encloses them to a greater 

 or lesser degree, has been cut off at the root of the mesentery. (Cf. Fig. 136.) 



