Fig. 162. Organs of Male Pelvis, seen from the left side. Nerves 

 to the Seminal Vesicles. Modified after Max Frankel. 



A sagittal section has been made through the left half of a male pelvis. The 

 section passes through Sacro-Iliac Articulation, Tuberosity of the Ischium and 

 Horizontal Ramus of the Pubis; this gives a view from the left side of the 

 Pelvis, — its Viscera and Nerves —. Most of the Blood Vessels have been 



removed. 



The Inferior Mesenteric Sympathetic Plexus runs from the Artery of this 

 name to the Aorta around which it forms the Abdominal Aortic Plexus, this is 

 continued into the Hypogastric Plexus lying in front of the upper part of the 

 Rectum. A little lower down lies the large RectoA''esical Ganglion of Frankel 

 which is connected with the ist Sacral Ganglion by a large nerve. From this 

 2 or 3 branches pass to a yet larger Ganglion (Great Vesico-Seminal Ganglion). 

 Some of the branches of the Recto-Vesical Ganglion go to the Plexus surrounding 

 the Rectum. Several small branches pass from the Pudic Plexus to the Great 

 Vesico-Seminal Ganglion and a delicate twig to the Seminal Vesicle directly. 



Several large and small branches pass from the Great Vesico Seminal 

 Ganglion, one group runs in front of the Ureter, supplying it and terminating in 

 the Posterior Wall of the Bladder, where they either run superficially for some 

 distance, or penetrate at once into the Muscular Coats; another group runs 

 directly downwards; it contains filaments to the Bladder and the Upper Border 

 of the Seminal Vesicle, amongst these is a thicker branch which ramifies around 

 the Vesical Orifice of the Ureter. The bulk of the fibres which leave the Gan- 

 glion pass to the Upper pole of the Seminal Vesicle and form a large plexus 

 around it. 



Below the Great Vesico-Seminal Ganglion lies the Small Vesico-Seminal 

 Ganglion, directly behind and internal to the Vesical Orifice of the Ureter. The 

 roots of this Ganglion are derived directly from the Recto-Vesical Ganglion but 

 there also exists a connection with the Great Vesico-Seminal (janglion. Fibres 

 are distributed directly to the Ureter and Vas Deferens, a few run behind the 

 Ureter to the Fundus of the Bladder, while 2 or 3 larger branches go to the 

 upper pole of the Seminal Vesicle, here they anastomose with the fibres from the 

 Great Vesico-Seminal Ganglion. 



A very careful dissection exposes two strata of nerves (not seen in the 

 figure), an upper going directly to the Prostate, and a lower lying on the Seminal 

 X'esicle. Both layers anastomose with each other. In this lower stratum, Frankel 

 found 2 other small ganglia which he calls Seminal Ganglia. From the lower 

 part of the Hypogastric Plexus fibres also run directl\' to the Seminal Vesicles. 



Johannes MCller called (in 1835) this part of the Plexus "the Inferior 

 Hypogastric Plexus"'. Max Frankel proposes to divide this into a Superior, a 

 Middle and an Inferior Haemorrhoidal Plexus. The latter would be applied to 

 the Plexus on the Rectum below the Levator Ani. 



