NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 171 



after another day or two the specimens all disappear. I have never, 

 however, until this year seen a migration in southern latitudes, and 

 was thus much interested to meet such an undoubted one in the South 

 of France a few days ago. I was staying at Mentone during the last 

 few days of March. On the 27th, 28th, and 29th the weather was 

 perfect, with bright sun and without wind. During these days not a 

 specimen of P. carclui was to be seen ; on March 30th there was 

 bright sun, with a very strong wind from the south-east, and the next 

 day P. cardui was in numbers everywhere, the specimens in good 

 condition, but considerably faded in colour. On April 1st there was 

 an absence of sun, and on the 2nd, when the sun broke out, the 

 P. cardui were all gone. In the event of the species appearing 

 further north, it would be most interesting to have reports of their 

 progress, with dates, if possible, of their first appearance in this 

 country. — W. G. Sheldon ; April 11th, 1913. 



Eucosmia undulata in Cumberland. — In regard to Mr. James 

 Murray's note on E. undulata in the April number of the ' Entomo- 

 logist ' (ante, p. 110), I took a specimen for the first time on Hayton 

 Moss on July loth, 1912. The insect was flying at dusk, and is in fair 

 condition. It is undoubtedly rare in the county of Cumberland — 

 George B. Eoutledge ; Tarn Lodge, Headsnook, Carlisle, April 

 3rd, 1913. 



EuPfficiLiA udana. — I am thankful to Mr. Thurnall for his remarks 

 about this species (Entom. xliii. 350). Following his hints, I collected 

 last autumn a bundle of the stems of Alisma plantago, though with- 

 out looking to see if there was anything in them, and, having kept 

 them in a warm greenhouse instead of in the open, I have been 

 rewarded by the emergence (1) of several ichneumons, and (2), to-day, 

 of a charming specimen of udana, I hope the first of several. — (Eev.) 

 W. Claxton ; Navestock, Eomford, April 5th, 1913. 



" Hybernation " of P^rameis atalanta. — As there have been 

 some notes in the 'Entomologist' re the above subject, perhaps it 

 may interest some readers to know that during the winter 1912-13 

 I kept alive until late January a specimen of P. atalanta, which 

 emerged from a pupa taken in August, near Sutton Coldfield, by a 

 friend of mine, Miss E. Twilton. About January 28th the insect 

 accidentally met its death, much to my regret. I fed it on honey 

 and water twice a week, which food it seemed to appreciate. The 

 butterfly was kept in a good-sized box with a glass top, in a cold 

 bedroom where it had no artificial heat, but a little sunshine at 

 'times. — Eric Biddle ; " Selborne," Western Koad, Wylde Green, 

 Birmingham. 



[The above note is interesting, not that it in any way lends support 

 to the opinion that P. atalanta is a hybernating species, quite the 

 contrary, but because it confirms previous records of this butterfly 

 being kept alive during the winter months in this country. Mr. 

 Newman conclusively proved this fact in 1909-10 when he confined 

 seven specimens, kept them in a temperature that never fell below 

 35°, and provided moistened cane-sugar for their sustenance (Entom. 

 xliv. 99). As some of the butterflies under his observation lived for 

 eight or nine months, we have evidence of the longevity of autumnal 



