206 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



Seitz's ' Macro-Lepidoptera,' vol. i., page 86, there is a state- 

 ment that possibly L. callipteris is only a local race of L. 

 labyrinthea. Now L. callipteris is a very feeble flier. In fact, 

 when flying it does not look like a lethe at all, as butterflies 

 of this genus, at least those I have come across, L. europa, 

 L. confusa, L. sicelis, and L. diana, are all rapid fliers, darting 

 up and down and pitching suddenly on leaves, whereas L. calli- 

 pteris flaps about slowly and deliberately. If, therefore, anybody 

 can say whether L. labyrinthea is a butterfly of rapid flight, or a 

 feeble flier like L. callipteris, the matter would be nearer settle- 

 ment as to whether they are one and the same species, but local 

 races, or not. 



On the road up to Umoto from Chuzenji Apatura ilia var. 

 substitute was common. It is easy to catch, as it likes settling 

 on the roadway. The marsh near Umoto is a grand collecting 

 ground. Neptis lucilla, Argynnis daphne, arid A. adippe var. 

 xanthodippe [(?), occurred in crowds amongst other things, the 

 day I spent there. 



On page 10 of Seitz's work there is a statement that the 

 caterpillar of P. demetrius is similar to that of P. xuthus, and 

 also that the caterpillar of P. bianor is on the whole similar to 

 that of P. demetrius. As I have bred the three above-mentioned 

 butterflies from the larvae, and also P. polytes and P. helenus, I 

 must beg to differ from Seitz's statement. The caterpillars of 

 P. polytes, P. helenus, and P. demetrius are almost identical in 

 marking, colour, and size. The larvae of P. bianor, at all events 

 in Hong Kong, are quite different in appearance from the three 

 preceding ones, and the larvae of P. xuthus is, again, quite 

 different in appearance from any of the others. 



Whilst at Miyanoshita, Japan, I collected a number of larvae 

 which puzzled me somewhat, as I thought they belonged to 

 P. polytes, of which I have bred scores. But I knew that 

 polytes did not occur in that locality. Then I thought they 

 might belong to P. helenus var. nicconicolens, but Seitz was 

 doubtful of its occurrence in the central island of Japan. 

 However, the puzzle was solved by the resultant butterflies 

 turning out to be P. demetrius. There is no apparent difference 

 between the larvae of P. polytes and P. demetrius, but those of 

 P. helenus are somewhat larger, and the green is brighter. 

 Otherwise all three look the same. 



On page 11 of Seitz's ' Macro-Lepidoptera,' vol. i., there is a 

 statement that the occurrence of P. nicconicolens on the central 

 island, at Nikko, requires confirmation. I saw the insect myself 

 at Kyoto and Myanoshita, in the central island, in August, 1912. 

 As Miyanoshita and Nikko are both in the same island, and of 

 the same altitude, viz., about 2000 ft., there appears to be no 

 reason why it should not occur at Nikko. 



In vol. ix. of Seitz's work, page 163, one reason for 



