LIFE-HISTORY OF HESPERIA LINEA (=THAUMAS). 265 



from the base of which the head slopes off to the rather pro- 

 minent eyes ; across the neck it is slightly contracted ; base of 

 wings rather swollen, and very slightly narrowed across the 

 middle ; the abdomen gradually tapering to the long cremastral 

 horn, which is furnished with a cluster of projecting amber- 

 coloured hooks. 



Lateral view : Head rounded with a central conical point ; 

 thorax rounded, which is the greatest diameter of the pupa ; 

 slightly sunken at the metathorax, the abdomen gradually 

 tapering to anal segment, which terminates in a long flattened 

 cremaster with a cluster of hooks only at the extremity ; the 

 ventral surface forms almost a straight line. The long tongue- 

 case, which is free from the apex of wings, reaches to the anal 

 segment. 



The whole surface is granular and covered thickly with white 

 powdery bloom of a waxy nature. On the head-horn are a few 

 fine whitish bristles. 



Colouring: Immediately after pupation the head, thorax, 

 and basal half of wings are pure rich brilliant green ; the apical 

 half of wings paler ; the abdomen yellow-green ; the terminal 

 detached portion of tongue-case is deep ochreous ; the cremaster 

 and head-point flesh-colour. It is striped longitudinally like 

 the larva. By slow degrees the colouring matures and loses 

 the brilliancy ; the abdomen becomes whiter, and the wings and 

 thorax duller. 



When seven days old the head is green, spread with a pinkish 

 bloom, the frontal point deeper lilac-pink ; thorax grass-green ; 

 wings greyer green ; abdomen whitish-yellow-green with a medio- 

 dorsal longitudinal grass-green stripe, the last two segments 

 fading into pale lilac ; cremaster darker. 



Just before emergence the pupa assumes a dull smoky-black, 

 segmental divisions pale greenish, and wings dark copper-red. 



It is attached to the grass-blades by a cincture round the 

 middle and by the cremastral hooks to a pad of silk spun on the 

 surface of the blades ; usually three or four blades are spun 

 together forming a tubular shelter in which the pupa is more or 

 less concealed. 



The pupal period extends from twelve to seventeen days, 

 according to temperature. 



The individual described, which pupated on June 17th, pro- 

 duced a male imago on July 4th, remaining seventeen days in 

 the pupa. One that pupated July 3rd, 1912, emerged July 16th 

 (a female), remained thirteen days in pupa. Another which 

 pupated on July 10th, emerged on July 22nd, also a female, was 

 twelve days in the pupal state. 



ENTOM. — SEPTEMBER. 1913. 



