34 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



species. The last was noticed on September 14th. A. emutaria was 

 very scarce ; it is much rarer here than formerly on account of the 

 encroachments of the sea and the destruction of the sea-banks and 

 contiguous marshes. I netted the first on July 4th, a male ; trod up 

 a female on the 8th of the same month, and obtained a small batch 

 of ova which hatched on 22nd, aad another female a few days after 

 I took the first one, and got another laying. About half a dozen of 

 the larvae fed up rapidly, and the moths emerged the end of August, 

 but the bulk of the larvae are hybernating. Of other species of 

 Geometrae the second broods of C. ferrugata, G. unidentaria, E.pumi- 

 lata, and E. oblongata swarmed, and I found the larvae of the last in 

 great abundance upon chamomile when I was sweeping for larvae of 

 C. chamomilla on July 6th.— Gervase F. Mathew ; Lee House, 

 Dovercourt, December 18th, 1911. 



Butterfly Notes from Heidelberg. — From July 14th until 

 August 3rd, 1911, I was on a visit to Heidelberg, and, although not 

 systematically working the district, the following notes on the butter- 

 flies met with may be of some interest. During the whole period 

 the weather was intensely hot ; the shade temperature in the town 

 on more than one occasion rose to over 100° F., and the sun shone 

 brilliantly every day. The collecting grounds may be roughly classi- 

 fied thus : — (1) The forest-covered hills on both sides of the Neckar, 

 including on the left bank the Konigstuhl (1865 ft.), the Geisberg 

 (1230 ft.), with the small intervening valley, the Klingenteich, running 

 down to the town; on the right bank the Heiligenberg (1455 ft.). 

 These hills are clothed with beech, chestnut, and pine woods, with 

 some oak and other forest trees. There is practically no open land. 

 On the lower slopes on the Heiligenberg are some vineyards and 

 many fruit orchards. (2) The lower lying ground between the woods 

 and the banks of the Neckar, extending up the river valley. This 

 land is cultivated and grass land. (3) The level cultivated land of 

 the Ehine plain beyond the mouth of the Neckar Valley. Arriving 

 late in the afternoon, I found the garden of the hotel swarming with 

 Pararge egeria, its markings being well defined and light in colour. 

 Subsequent experience showed that this species far outnumbered any 

 other butterfly seen. It was everywhere — in town, woods, gardens, 

 hills, and valleys — and could not be got away from. In one lane, 

 where some fruit had fallen, it swarmed so much that the insects 

 were jostling one another to get at the rotten fruit. Pieris brassiccs was 

 abundant generally, but napi was the predominant white, chiefly of 

 a richly marked form. Although many "whites" were netted on sus- 

 picion and released, I am not sure that I actually identified a single 

 rapcB ; at any rate, they were relatively rare. In the gardens also 

 Polygonia c-album was the characteristic Vanessid. It looked very 

 brilliant in the sunshine, but evidently a little passA, as it was difli- 

 cult to get perfect specimens. Goneptcryx rhamni occurred generally, 

 more common in some of the woods, but most in the plain, especially 

 where clover or veitch was cultivated. An occasional V. io appeared 

 in the garden. 



Visits to the Heiligenberg on July 17th and 18th were interesting. 

 In the woods at lower levels a few E. hyperanthus were met with, 



