NOTES AND OBSERVATIONS. 35 



but was not common, possibly over. Cyaniris argiolus about some ivy. 

 ClirysopJianus phlceas, H. sylvanus, P. egeria, everywhere, even in the 

 darkness of the pine woods. P. c-alhum here and there, but more 

 common within easy distance of orchards and gardens. At the summit 

 of the HeiHgenberg is the ruin of St. Michael's basihkon, forming a 

 small space in the otherwise dense woods. This space formed a sort 

 of sun bath for the insects from the surrounding woods to enjoy 

 themselves in, and in an hour or so spent here most of the species 

 could be reviewed. Papilio machaon in fresh condition dived down 

 from the tree tops at one end and traversed the open space low 

 down, rising again at the other end to depart over the ruined tower. 

 A single L. sinapis was taken here. Zephyrus quercus came from 

 the trees and flew about the ruins. P. megcera also on the walls. 

 One or two Epinephele ianira occurred near here, but altogether 

 I saw very few in the whole district. From the top of the view 

 tower it was an interesting sight to watch with a field glass the 

 numerous specimens of P. maciiaon flying about and resting on the 

 tops of the chestnut trees. (A fine full fed larva of Deilephila 

 euphorbicB was picked up crossing a forest path.) 



A visit to the Geisberg on July 22nd added Argynnis paphia to 

 the list, also Satyrus semde and Vanessa urtica. (Psilura monacha 

 common on tree-trunks in pine woods.) On the same afternoon, while 

 in the churchyard at the old town of Dilsberg, a fine male Apatura 

 iris floated in front of me, and in the valley at Neckarsteinach ^4 rasc/wwa 

 levana turned up, also several Theclas and "blues," but having no net 

 handy I was unable to take them for identification. A single Golias 

 liyale was subsequently taken on the river bank. 



On July 24th I explored the cultivated land of the Ehine plain 

 beyond Neuenheim. Here one had the rough cart roads between 

 the orchards and patches of corn, clover, &c. ; also railway banks, 

 the banks of the Neckar, and a few dyke or drain sides. Certain 

 butterflies were very numerous, especially on the clover or veitch. 

 These patches were alive with, roughly in order, P. napi, P. hrassicce, 

 G. rhamni, C. hyale, of which a good series was soon obtained in 

 perfect condition. An occasional Vanessa urticce, and V. io. Also 

 about the banks and roads were taken P. machaon, P. megcera, P. egeria, 

 H. sylvanus, H. linea, L. alexis, and an occasional G. pamphilus. On 

 this date V. antiopa was first seen. 



July 26th, over the Heiligenberg to the valley of Siebernmuhlen. 

 Several V. antiopa in fine fresh condition were noted, and V. io and 

 V. urticcB getting more common. In one spot where the wood had 

 been partially cleared L. sinapis was found abundant and fresh. Egeria 

 still common, but getting shabby. Megcera increasing. Lyccena 

 argiades taken on a rough bank by the roadside. 



July 27th P. mcera appeared in the hotel garden, and was soon 

 common in various locaUties, in company with the now abundant 

 P. megcera. 



On July 28th, and other occasions, the Klingenteich valley behind 

 the town was visited : a small, partially open spot a little below the 

 Molkenkur was found an excellent hunting ground. Besides many 

 species already mentioned, Zephyrus betulce was taken, and several 



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