" WHERE WALLACE TROD." 247 



On Serambu we prepared heaps of rotten fruit, which attracted 

 a certain amount of small insects. 



The small clearing made round our hut used to be quite gay 

 with butterflies whenever the sun was shining brightly, and I 

 longed to see an attractive row of flowers planted, so as to bring 

 these beautiful creatures within easier reach of the net. As may 

 be imagined, a chase in the jungle after any coveted species can 

 only be of the shortest, as the undergrowth and uncertainties of 

 the ground, once you leave a path, occupy all one's attention. 

 Among the butterflies caught or noticed were the following : — 



Nymphalid^. — Danaini : the big, lazy-flying Hestia lynceus, 

 Drury, Ideojjds daos, Boisd., and Danais aspasia, Fab. Euplceini: 

 Euploca Claudius mulcihcr, Cr., common. Satyrina; : species of 

 Mycalesis, lytliima and Elites ; a large Melanitis, apparently 

 nearest to zitenius, Herbst., which may be distinguished from 

 the only other Bornean Melanitis {M. isinene, Cr.), so common 

 in Sarawak, by the presence of an orange apical band on fore 

 wing instead of the eye-spot below the apex of fore wing ; in the 

 Serambu specimen there is a faint orange apical band. Elym- 

 niin£e : Elymnias nigrescens, Butl., was very common in sunny 

 clearings on the hillside ; one E. lais, Cr., was taken. Ama- 

 thusiinse : Zeuxidia amethystus, Butl., Z. doubledayi, Westw., 

 and Amnosia haluana, Fruhst., were taken near our hut in the 

 shady part of the jungle ; Thaumantis aliris, Westw., the largest 

 and most showy butterfly to be found in Borneo, except perhaps 

 the big Troides species (Papilioninse), was seen two or three 

 times, once feeding on the remains of a dead chevrotain. 



The Nymphalinae noted were : Cupha erymanthis lotis, Sulz., 

 CctJiosia hypsea, Doubl. and Neptis spp. ; Hypolimnas anomala, 

 Wall., was common on the sunny paths at the foot of the moun- 

 tain, and easily distinguished in flight and at rest from its 

 Euploeine models, although both Euploeine and Nymphaline are 

 characterized by a slow fearless flight. I noticed the Hypolimnas 

 almost invariably settled (or else immediately oriented itself) so 

 that its wings were outspread on a leaf with its head nearest to 

 or actually on the edge of the leaf, the hinder part being nearest 

 the base or midrib of the leaf; I suppose this position enables it 

 to fly off at quicker notice, and it is thus less likely to be sur- 

 prised. The dark Euthalias seemed to similarly orient them- 

 selves, and at first I thought it was in order to obtain the full 

 glare of the sun, but came to the conclusion that the sun had 

 nothing to do with it. Time after time I watched them fly 

 towards a leaf, settle, " about turn," and there they were "facing 

 the enemy " in the same way that Hypolimnas did. There is 

 more point in this action with the Euthalias, as the males of the 

 three commonest species in Sarawak have light blue-grey hind 

 marginal borders to both wings, which effectively merge in the 

 ground colour of the leaves on which they rest, thus leaving a 



