233 



whether tliej are found on the leaves, stems, in cracks of the 

 brrk or on the roots. 



I have also been successful in breeding immature speci- 

 mens to the adult stage, both males and females, and it is in- 

 teresting to note the variation in color of the male and female 

 larvae of Pseudococnts. 



SUBFAMILY DACTYLOPII^^AE. 



The Dndylopiinac are a subfamily of the Coccidae or scale 

 insects of the suborder Homoptera, and, unlike the majority 

 (.f coccids, are, with few exceptions, naked, soft-bodied insects. 

 Their bodies are usually covered with some white powdery 

 or cottony secretion, some living exposed on the plant, others 

 enclosed in felted or glassy sacs. The sexes in the larval state 

 resemble each other, but when full grown the male larva 

 usually becomes more elongate, and at times changes color, 

 and when full grown spins a cottony cocoon. The male is 

 Ubually winged, although some apterous forms are known. 



The adult female retains the larval form in most cases, 

 e>necially among the true mealy bugs, increases in size, and 

 produces more secretion, and other striking processes. Like 

 the Aphidae they produce eggs or young. Owing to our semi- 

 tropical climate, we find many of our species have continuous 

 bloods. Some species are very prolific and as many as four 

 hundred eggs or young have been recorded. The adult male 

 usually reaches maturity when the female is about one-third 

 grown. In these Islands we have species which live above 

 ground, while other species live below ground and yet other 

 species are found above and below ground. 



The first systematic account of the Coccidae of the Ha- 

 waiian Islands is recorded in the Fauna Hawaiiensis, Vol. 

 Ill, Part 2, 1902, by the late G. W. Kirkaldy. In this 

 ac'ount are enumerated 9 species of the Dactylopiinae. In 

 Vol. II, Part 3, on page 127 of the Proceedings of the Ha- 

 waiian Entomological Society, Mr. J. Kotinsky enumerates 

 7 more species. I note that in Kotinsky's list P. aurilanatus 

 is mentioned as having been introduced on an Araucaria and 

 is believed to have been eradicated by destroying the plant. 

 This species has not been recorded since, so that, eliminating 

 thfir species, there were 15 species of Dactylopiinae known. 

 In Vol. II, Part 4, page 149 of the Proceedings of our So- 



