contained an almost matnre Pipuncuhis grub. Tims we may 

 estimate the egg and larval stage of the fly. at the commence- 

 ment of the \varm season as approximately forty days. 



The matnre grnb makes its way ont of the hop])er's body, 

 thns killing the already slnggish insect, and after some honrs 

 forms a very stont, dark-brown pnparinm. In the cane fields 

 these pnparia were not infrequently fonnd at the base of cane 

 leaves or elsewhere on the leaf. The pnpal stage at Pahala, 

 800 feet, for February-March was fonnd to be 28 days in one 

 case and 34 in another. 



At first it a]ipeared tliat the male hoppers were the more 

 often parasitized l)y the fly; I believe, however, that this was 

 because the parasitism was more easily recognized in that sex. 

 Affected hoppers were very frequently captitred by the Neso- 

 iniincsa wasp and this seemed to apply particularly to males, as 

 can 1)0 seen frc^m the following table for April 4th. One wasp 

 nest contained hoppers as follows : 



Males - -- 28 Females .. . 34 



Parasitized 14 Parasitized 1 



W\ hoppers here were carefully examined. 



The following are percentages of leafhopper parasitization 

 by PipuncitJus. They are probably underestimated owing to 

 the diflienlty (if distinguishing sumll Pipinicuhis maggots. 



Pahala 3/1 1 Upper ]\Ioaula (Field Xo. i) 2300 



■' 4/1 Wood Valley Homesteads 2150 



" 4/3 Wood Valley Homesteads 2150 



" 4/4 Wood Vallev Variety Sta. 1850 



" 4/6 Wood Valley Variety Sta. 1850 



4/10 Middle Mnd Flow (Field Xo. 40) 1900 



4/22 Mill Field (Field Xo. 14) 750 



Olaa 3/15 Mountain View (Field 6) 1500 



" 3/15 IMoiintain View (Field 6) 1500 



t Hoppers taken out of nest of Xcsoiiiiuicsa wasp. 

 * ]\Iany hoppers died. 



