148 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



severity of the disease. We should also observe that 

 flowers are occasionally affected, but not so severe 

 as in 1894. The disease gradually subsided by the 

 rciddle of July and early August. 

 B. Sorgld W. A. Kellerman. 



Not severe. It occurred on Andropogon Sorghum var 

 Halepense and A. Sorghum (Sorghum). 

 B. doacece (Jordan). 



On Zea mays; not abundant. 

 B. cami^estris Pammel. 



Not observed in 1895. 



SOME ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF THE LEAVES OP 

 SPOROBULUS AND PANICUM. 



EMMA SIRRINE AND EMMA PAMMEL. 



Numerous writers have called attention to the value of 

 anatomical studies for diagnostic purposes in the recognition of 

 Phaencgams. We may note in this connection the paper by 

 Pfisterj, who has made a comparative study of the leaves of 

 some palms. 



The author considers anatomical characters of value because 

 so many palms are collected without flower or fruit. Bertrand^ 

 in a general paper considers the characters and important 

 points to be observed in making anatomical studies of this 

 kind. He notes that we must not lose sight of: 1. Inequalities 

 in the grouping of subdivisions with the association of higher 

 groups. 2. The paucity of material of certain forms, many 

 intermediate species having disappeared ia the lapse of time. 

 These objections hold with equal truth to the characters now 

 used in the classincation of Phaenogams. He states that there 

 are good differential characters in fibro vascular bundle found 

 in Gymnosperms, vascular cryptogams and Phaencgams, but 

 the arrargement of the fibro- vascular bundle is of less value. 

 For the families such characters as the veins of leaf; develop- 

 ment of stomata; secretion reservoirs; arrangement of inner 

 phloem; for species the cuticle and trichomes are of value in 

 diagnosis. 



iBeitraege zur verleichenden Anatomic der Sabaleen Blartter. Inaugural Diss. 3 

 plates, Hofer and Burger (1892) Abst. Bot. Centralblatt, LI, p. 300. 



2Des caracteres que I'anatomiue pent founir a classification des vegetaux, pp. 54> 

 Antun (Dejussieu) 1891, Abst. Bot. Centrablatt Vol. L. p. 375. 



