IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 211 



aquifolium and B. vuglaris are figured in a general way. 

 B. erecta, B concinni, B. sibirica. as well as Podophyllum emodi, 

 are described. 



Brandza, who studied the development of Berberis and 

 Epimedium, considers that the testa consists of two integuments. 

 The epidermal layer, the outer nutrient layer and osteosclerids 

 belong to the outer integument; the pigment layer and the 

 collapsed parenchyma cells belong to the inner integument. 



Some excellent details of development are given by Dr. 

 Gray" in his genera of North American plants. 



In matters of synonomy and arrangement we have followed 

 Gray and Robinson^" so far as it relates to American species. 



BERBERIS CANADENSIS PuTSh.^^ 



Fruit and Seed Characters.— Berry short-oval or sometimes 

 globular, scarlet, two to three lines long, small, loose racemes, 

 one to several seeded. Seeds oblong, shining, two lines long, 

 obtusely three-sided, raphe on obtuse inner angle, chalaza at 

 tip, micropyle and hilum adjacent, hilar pit with rounded, 

 thickened border 



Epidermis. — Cells elongated, slightly irregular on the margin, 

 cuticle of uniform thickness, sharply demarcated from the 

 remainder of the cell wall. The cuticularized layer is thicker 

 and lighter in color, layer within uniform in thickness except 

 where "cones" project into the lateral walls. The layer within 

 cuticularized portion is brown in color, uniform in thickness. 

 The walls are marked by conspicuous pore canals. The inter- 

 nal narrow zone is lighter in color than the outer part. This 

 wall forms the separating line of adjoining cells and contains 

 pore canals. The cells contain some coloring matter and pro- 

 tein substances, the latter being always reduced to a minimum, 

 also an abundance of tannin. 



Nutrient layer. — The cells are large and somewhat irregular, 

 walls are brown, the c ivity brown, containing a large amount 

 of pigment and some protein matter. This layer may be sep- 

 arated into two parts. In the lower portion the cells are com- 

 X)ressed and thick- walled. Tannin also occurs in this portion 

 of the nutrient layer. 



Osteosclerid. — Consists of one layer of cells, broad at the 

 upper end, where the walls of adjoining cells usually unite; 



9 The Genera of the Plants of the United States. 1 :77-90. pi. 31-36 



10 8ynoptical Flora of North \merica. 1 :66-72. 



11 Gray. The Genera of the Plants of the Halted States 1 : 79. pi. 31, f. 10-12. 



