214 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



Epidermis — Palisade-like cells elongated, larger than in B. 

 canadensis, occasionally divided. The cuticle of uniform thick- 

 ness. The cuticularized layer somewhat undulating, lighter in 

 color than cuticle, somewhat thicker than cellulose layers. 

 The cuticle is darker in color than cuticularized portion. The 

 internal layer of cell-wall is narrow and brown. Cells mostly 

 empty except the pigment and a few protein grains. 



Nutrient layer. — This is made up of two parts. The cells of 

 the upper are somewhat irregular, comparatively thin-walled. 

 Cells in lower part elongated, thicker-walled. Cell-walls con- 

 tain a brown pigment. Vascular elements carried in this layer. 

 These color rose on the addition of phlorglucin and hydro- 

 chloric acid. 



Osteosclerid. — This consists of a single layer of thick-walled 

 cells, with a large triangular intercellular space below, owing 

 to the occurrence of a cell with a large diameter above and a 

 narrower one below. Cell-walls nearly colorless. 



Pigment layer. — Cells elongated, thick-walled, one to two rows 

 of cells. Walls colored brown. Some pigment also contained 

 in cell cavity. 



Parenchyma layer — Just below the pigment layer occur thin- 

 walled cells variable in size. This layer is very granular, and 

 contains much more protein than occurs in nutrient layer. 

 Holfert also classes this as a nutrient layer. 



Endosperm. — The greater part of the seed is made ujd of 

 endosperm. Cells of first row somewhat smaller. Walls uni- 

 formly thickened, differentiated into three parts. The bulk of 

 the endosperm consists of cells larger than aleurone The 

 internal part of the endosperm with smaller elongated cells. 

 Cells contain fat and protein grains 



Embryo — The cells of this layer do not differ essentially 

 from those of B. canadensis and H amurensis. 



BERBERIS THUNBERGII DC. 



Fruit and seed characters. — Fruit baccate, bright orange- 

 scarlet, oval or elliptical, four to five lines long, one-seeded. 

 Seeds terete, four lines long, nearly obovate; testa shining 

 dark brown, terete in outline, minutely pitted; micropyle and 

 hilum basal and adjacent, with a thickened margin. 



Epidermis. — Cells large, somewhat longer than broad, vari- 

 able as to size; internal walls thin, outer wall thickened; com- 

 posed of four parts, the outer cuticle well developed; the cuti 



