IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 61 



Ulmus aitwrieana L. White elm. Common on banks of 

 streams and in valleys, sometimes growing a little way up the 

 sides of bluffs and occasionally found on upland. Attains its 

 greatest size on low ground. Well distributed throughout the 

 county. Frequently planted as a shade tree 



UhiiK.s fiilva L. Red elm. Slippery elm. Found only on 

 low land. Common. A smaller species than the preceding. 



Ulmus raceiiiosa Thomas. Rock elm. A rare species which 

 we have not found within the county. Has been reported by 

 an early settler, w^ell acquainted with the native timber, as 

 growing in scattered locations along the west branch of the 

 Middle Nodaway. 



Quercus inacroGarpa Michx. Bur oak. Scrub oak. This 

 species is very common and occurs most frequently on the 

 sides and summits of river bluffs and on the high prairie, 

 where it is a gnarled, stunted, shrubby tree, varying in height 

 from ten to twenty feet. Occasionally, however, it may be 

 found growing in rich river bottoms, where it becomes much 

 straighter, resembling the white oak in its habit of growth 

 and attaining a height of thirty or forty feet. It is the most 

 abundant species of oak and one of the most abundant trees in 

 Adair county. On the prairie it and the hazel appear to be 

 inseparable companions. The bur oak is almost the only tree 

 which safely resisted the prairie fires and grew in abundance 

 on the open prairie, before the advent of civilization. Clumps 

 of it are found scattered over the prairie at intervals — 

 remnants, evidently, of the more abundant growth which once 

 covered the country. 



Querent rubra L. Red oak. A handsome, straight tree, 

 found in tolerable abundance on the bluffs near the larger 

 streams and occasionally on bottom land or in thickets of bur 

 oak on the high prairie. 



Qicercus alba Li. White oak. Not uncommon. Found along 

 the larger streams — seldom, if ever, on prairie. Prefers rough, 

 clay bluffs. 



Quercus cocclnea var. Unctoria Wang. Black oak. Not so 

 abundant as the red oak and occupies the same habitat. Does 

 not attain the size of either of the preceding species. 



Negundo aceroides Moench. Box elder. This is probably 

 the most common of all the trees native to Adair county. It is 

 found along all the streams w^herever there is any timber at 

 all and is often planted on lawns and in groves on the prairie, 

 where it flourishes. 



