126 IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 



use in Sioux City, there were found teeth, which were deter- 

 mined by Professor Cope to be Equvs major. They would cor- 

 respond in size, so far as can be judged, to the vertebra found 

 near Sioux Falls, and it suggests in a striking way, that we 

 may have here traces of the "Equus'' or "Sheridan beds" 

 that have been observed extensively in western Nebraska and 

 Kansas. It perhaps should be added that quite thick deposits 

 of till with gravel occur at a lower level near the Missouri at 

 Riverside park, and seem to be of recent date. 



III. Observations Near Gar ret son. — The same party also vis- 

 ited Garretson, northeast of Sioux Falls, not far from Pali- 

 sades, S. D. That locality is especially interesting because of 

 a small semi driftless area adjacent. Along the railroad the 

 cuts from Palisade to about two miles north of Garretson, 

 failed to show anything like till, and loess was exposed several 

 feet in depth resting upon the surface of red quartzite. This 

 red quartzite is cut into ravines at least forty feet deep in 

 places, but there is no trace of any mass of till, nor of strict on 

 the surface of the quartzite. More careful examination showed 

 that a few scattered pebbles and bowlders of northern origin 

 were to be found in the crevices of the quartzite, but nothing 

 that would demonstrate that the region had ever been mantled 

 with a deposit of till such as occurs elsewhere. East of town 

 within a few rods, the till appears and in gravel beds found in 

 that direction numerous rotten granite pebbles were found 

 indicating greater age than is common within the moraine. 

 About a mile east, and further to the southeast and south, are 

 conspicuous knolls, largely composed of drift gravel and sand, 

 resembling osars. About a mile south of the town, one of these 

 has been cut into and building sand has been taken from it 

 for several years. It shows several feet of gravel and pebbles 

 resting upon a mass of irregularly stratified sand. In a rail- 

 road cut to the east of it, there is found the unusual appearance 

 of a stratum of gravel and bowlders overlain with loess several 

 feet in depth, and resting upon a loess-like silt which is also 

 shown several feet in thickness in some places, while else- 

 where it is replaced by loose sand. It could not be distinctly 

 shown that the lower silt was of markedly older age than the 

 upper. 



IV. Prec/lacial Deposits in Tiirkeii JUih/e. — In the examination 

 of Turkey ridge, there was found, at a point about four miles 

 south of Irene, Clay county, S. D., a stratum of loess like loam 



