lOVVA ACADEMY OF SCIENCKS. 175 



furrowed bark; leaves ovate or oblong-ovate; acuminate, 

 sharply and doubly serrate, glabrous above, downy beneath, 

 short-petioled; flowers appearing before or with the leaves; 

 nut small, smooth, ovoid-oblong, sessile at the base of a 

 large inflated oblong closed bag formed from the bractlet, 

 the loosely imbricated involucre hop-like, bristly-hairy at 

 the base. Carpinas vh-giniana Mill. Gard. Diet., Ed. 8, 

 1768; Ostrfia vinjinica Willd. Sp. PI. 4: 469, 1805. 



This species occurs on wooded bluffs and is frequent 

 throughout the state. The flowers appear in April and 

 May and the fruit is ripe in July and August. The w^ood 

 is dense, strong, durable, and valuable for constructions 

 requiring great strength. 



Our specimens are from Winneshiek, Johnson, Henry, 

 Decatur, Union, and Fremont counties. We have observed 

 the species in Allamakee and Clayton counties. The State 

 University herbarium has specimens from Emmet, Cal- 

 houn, Cerro Gordo, Webster, Delaware, Lee, and Potta- 

 wattamie counties. Professor Pammel reports the species 

 from Harrison, Boone, Hardin, and Woodbury counties; 

 Professor Bessey, from Story and Des Moines counties; 

 Professor Arthur, from Floyd county; Professor Fink, from 

 Fayette county; and Professor Macbride, from Dubuque, 

 Dickinson, and Humboldt counties. 



Bessey, Contr. to the Flora of Iowa, p. 119; Arthur, 

 Flora of Floyd county, in History of Floyd County, p. 300; 

 Botanical Gazette, Vol. 7, p. 127; Contr. to the Flora of 

 Iowa, p. 29; Hitchcock, Trans. St. Louis Acad, of Science, 

 Vol. 5, p. 517; Pammel, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 

 3, p. 132; Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 5, p. 237; Vol. 9, p. 240; Vol. 

 10, p. 312; Fink, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 4, p. 

 101; Fitzpatrick, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 5, p. 

 127 and p. 163; Vol. 6, p. 196; Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 

 313; Cameron, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 198; Macbride, 

 Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 4, p. 119; Vol. 7, p. 107; Vol. 9, p. 152; 

 Vol. 10, p. 238 and p. 647; Reppert, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 

 9, p. 386; Shimek, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 10, p. 162; Barnes, 

 Reppert. and Miller, Proc. Davenport Acad, of Nat. Sci- 

 ences, Vol. 8, p. 256; Rigg, Notes on the Flora of Calhoun 

 County, p.[.25; Sargent, Forest Trees of N. A., p. 158. 



