IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 187 



p. 386; Macbride, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 4, p. 119; Vol. 7, p. 

 107; Barnes, Reppert, and Miller, Proc. Davenport Acad. 

 of Nat. Sciences, Vol. 8, p. 256. 



Quercus prhioides Willd., Neue Schrift, Ges. Nat. Fr. 

 Berlin, 3:397. 1801. Ground Oak. This species much 

 resembles the preceding; usually one to four feet high; 

 leaves oval or obovate, coarsely toothed or, undulate, 

 shorter petioled; cups deeper, sessile; scales appressed, 

 ovate or lanceolate; acorn ovoid. Quercus priniis hiimiUs 

 Marshall. 



This species seems to differ from Quercus acum'uKda 

 (Mx.) Sarg., by its low stature and leaf outline. Our experi- 

 ence indicates that this species has a well developed root 

 system. The roots being comparatively large and much 

 ramified. Small groves of this oak which we have seen 

 grubbed made large heaps of roots, reminding one of brush 

 heaps in clearings. These roots have suggested the com- 

 mon name of ground oak. Wherever this oak occurs there 

 is considerable difficulty in breaking the prairie soil. "So 

 far we have observed this species only in Appanoose and 

 Decatur counties, but in those counties it was a common 

 .species in dry prairie soil. Mr. J. P. Anderson informs us 

 that it occurs in Lucas county. No doubt the species 

 occurs in many of our southern counties. Jh*. Vasey 

 reports the species from Iowa. 



Vasey, Am. Ent. and Bot., Vol. 2, p. 282; Bessey, Contr. 

 to the Flora of Iowa, p. 119; Arthur, Contr. to the Flora of 

 Iowa, p. 29; Fitzpatrick, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, 

 Vol. 5, p. 163; Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 314. 



** Leaves bristle-tipped; acorns maturing: the second year, 

 t Leaves deeply lobed or pinnatifid. 



Quercus rubra L., Sp. PI. 996, 1753. Red Oak. This 

 ;species may be characterized as a large tree with reddish, 

 coarse wood; leaves mostly oval in outline, deeply lobed, 

 sinuses rounded, lobes somewhat triangular-lanceolate, 

 remotely coarsely-toothed, pubescent when young, becom- 

 ing mostly glabrous; acorn ovoid, one-fourth immersed; 

 <€up saucer-shaped, sessile or subsessile; scales ovate, obtuse 



