IOWA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. 189 



county, a total of thirty-seven counties. In all probability 

 the red oak occurs in every county in Iowa. 



Bessey, Contr. to the Flora of Iowa, p. 119; Arthur, 

 Oontr. to the Flora of Iowa, p. 29; Hitchcock, Trans. St. 

 Louis Acad, of Science, Vol. 5, p. 518; Nagel and Haupt, 

 Proc. Davenport Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Vol. 1, p. 163; 

 Pammel, Proc. Iowa Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 3, p. 132; Iowa 

 Geol. Sur., Vol. 9, p. 240; Vol. 10, p. 313; Fink, Proc. Iowa 

 Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 4, p. 101; Fitzpatrick, Proc. Iowa 

 Acad, of Sciences, Vol. 5, p. 128 and p. 164; Vol. 6, p. 196; 

 Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 314; Gow, Proc. Iowa Acad, of 

 Sciences, Vol. 6, p. 61; Cameron, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 8, p. 

 198; Macbride, Iowa Geol. Sur., Vol. 4, p. 119; Vol. 7, p. 

 107; Vol. 9, p. 153; Vol. 10., p. 238 and p. 648; Reppert, Iowa 

 Geol. Sur., Vol. 9, p. 387; Barnes, Reppert, and Miller, 

 Proc. Davenport Acad, of Nat. Sciences, Vol. 8, p. 256; Sar- 

 gent, Forest Trees of N. A., p. 148. 



Qiiercus pnlustris DuRoi, Harbk., 2:268, PI. 5, f. 4, 1772. 

 Pin Oak. Leaves long-petioled, ovate, deeply pinnatifid, 

 sinuses broad and rounded, lobes divergent, remotely 

 coarsely toothed; acorn ovoid, one-third immersed; cup 

 saucer-shaped, scales triangular ovate, acute or obtuse, 

 appressed. 



This species, commonly known as the swamp orpin oak, 

 usually occurs in groves on river bottoms, often in sw^ampy 

 soil. The grove trees are tall, slender, and but little 

 branched. Solitary trees in the open are much branched; 

 the branches are long, slender, spreading, horizontal, or 

 even drooping. The wood was used somewhat by the early 

 settlers for rails, though inferior tor the purpose; also, the 

 long, slender trunks, when of proper size, were readily con- 

 verted by a skillful woodman with a broad-ax, into framing 

 timber for barns and other buildings. When properly sea- 

 soned and used for inside material the pin oak does very 

 well. For wood or construction material requiring resist- 

 ance to the elements, this species furnishes a poor quality. 



In Iowa the pin oak has a very limited raiige. Our speci- 

 mens are from Muscatine, Lee, Appanoose, and Decatur 

 counties. The State University has a specimen from 



